High-Speed High-Sensitivity Detector for X-ray Micro-Crystallography at GM/CA@APS

项目摘要 GM/CA @ APS在Advanced 光子源。两个GM/CA波荡器光束线是世界领先的微晶，因为 GM/CA公司在十几年的发展过程中取得了一系列技术突破， 运营微晶体学能力的一个独特的操作特征是 将“小波束”与“大波束”相结合，使用户能够交换全波束（最多 ~ 25 x70 mm）与三种微型光束（5 mm、10 mm和20 mm直径）中的任何一种，并快速完成（<3 秒），可靠地和按需为每个样品，如所需的频率，而不需要光束 重新调整微晶体学的硬件与复杂的软件工具相结合， JBluIce用户界面。一个关键的工具是光栅功能，可以在复杂的安装中找到微晶， 确定较大非均匀样品的最佳衍射区域。由于这些 随着技术的发展，GM/CA光束线由于越来越多的高需求而被超额认购， 具有挑战性的NIH资助的结构性项目。许多人使用微- 晶体学能力，可测量最严格类型的高质量衍射数据 样品，最终导致解决结构的系统具有重大的生物医学意义。的 光束线已经超过了它们目前的基于CCD的探测器，这对于现代的微电子器件来说是不够的。 晶体学实践，其中筛选的样品远多于收集的数据集， 对单个样本进行广泛的光栅化是常见的做法。上一代探测器 没有速度和灵敏度来准确测量在极限的弱反射 衍射图案，导致不可接受的损失的关键高分辨率数据。这 应用是一个要求更换过时的基于CCD的检测器与高速，高， 动态范围的像素阵列检测器（PAD），适用于强大的微晶 GM/CA光束线的能力，这将满足NIH资助的研究人员的需求， 占GM/CA用户群的绝大多数。PAD已经安装在几个同步加速器上 他们正在彻底改变大分子数据收集。The Pilatus3 6M PAD的读出率是CCD探测器的300倍，动态范围是CCD探测器的23倍。 范围PAD和光子计数读出模式的低读出噪声将导致极大的 提高信噪比，以便于从具有挑战性的 生物晶体

Project Summary GM/CA @ APS operates a national user facility for macromolecular crystallography at the Advanced Photon Source. The two GM/CA undulator beamlines are world leaders in micro-crystallography due to a series of technical breakthroughs accomplished during the dozen years of GM/CA's development and operations. A unique operational feature of the micro-crystallography capability is the seamless integration of "mini-beams" with the "large beam", enabling users to interchange the full beam (up to ~25x70 mm) with any of three mini-beams (5- mm, 10-mm and 20-mm diameter), and to do so rapidly (<3 sec), reliably and on demand for every sample as frequently as desired without need for beam realignment. The hardware for micro-crystallography is coupled with sophisticated software tools in the JBluIce user interface. A key tool is a raster feature to find micro-crystals in complex mounts or to identify the best diffracting regions of larger inhomogeneous samples. As a consequence of these developments, the GM/CA beamlines are oversubscribed due to the high demand by a growing number of investigators with challenging NIH-funded structural projects. Many have used the micro- crystallography capability to measure high-quality diffraction data from the most demanding types of samples, ultimately resulting in solved structures for systems of great biomedical significance. The beamlines have outgrown their current CCD-based detectors, which are inadequate for modern micro- crystallography practice, where far more samples are screened than data sets are collected and extensive rastering on individual samples is common practice. The previous generation of detectors does not have the speed and sensitivity to accurately measure weak reflections at the limits of the diffraction patterns, resulting in the unacceptable loss of the crucial high-resolution data. This application is a request for replacement of an outdated CCD-based detector with a high-speed, high- dynamic-range pixel-array detector (PAD) that is suited to the powerful micro-crystallography capabilities of the GM/CA beamlines and that will meet the needs of the NIH-funded investigators who make up the great majority of the GM/CA user base. PADs have been installed at several synchrotron sources worldwide where they are revolutionizing macromolecule data collection. The Pilatus3 6M PAD has a read-out rate 300-fold greater than the CCD-based detectors and a 23-fold greater dynamic range. The low read-out noise of the PAD and photon-counting read-out mode will result in a vastly improved signal-to-noise ratio to facilitate the collection of higher resolution data from challenging biological crystals.