Mechanisms of Neuroplasticity in Functional Brain Networks

功能性大脑网络的神经可塑性机制

• 批准号: 8608615
• 负责人: MARK D'ESPOSITO
• 金额: $ 33.05万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-02-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8608615
• 关键词: Accounting; Acute; Address; Affect; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Markers; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain region; Chronic; Cognitive; Cognitive Therapy; Communication; Complex; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Environment; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Graph; Health Care Costs; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Lesion; Life; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Metric; Mission; Motor; Nature; Neurologic; Neuronal Plasticity; Participant; Patient Care; Patients; Performance; Property; Public Health; Recovery; Recovery of Function; Rehabilitation therapy; Relative (related person); Research; Rest; Role; Short-Term Memory; Simulate; Stroke; Structure; Testing; Tissues; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Traumatic Brain Injury; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; cognitive function; information processing; insight; nervous system disorder; neuromechanism; novel; public health relevance; theories; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The brain's potential to flexibly engage different functional networks in a rapidly changing environment is crucial both for facilitating a wide variety of behaviors and adaptively reorganizing following damage. This network plasticity can emerge through both changes in the local connectivity strengths within functional networks and the more global network structure of the whole brain. A recent surge of studies has assessed the intrinsic functional connectivity of local networks of brain regions during rest using functionl MRI (fMRI). Quantifying the global properties of this complex brain organization is now possible using graph theoretical tools, in which brain regions are defined as nodes and connections between regions are defined as edges. The broad goal of this proposal is to apply local, network-specific connectivity measurements as well as global, graph theoretical methods to examine the capacity for neuroplasticity under two different contexts: disruption of cortical function (acute and chronic) and specific cognitive task demands. Studies of the effect of brain damage on network organization have focused on the local, network specific effects of damage, generally finding that damage to one portion of a network effects connected but undamaged regions. The consequence of focal damage on global brain organization has primarily been examined with simulated lesion data and it is proposed that brain regions particularly important for integrating information across networks, are most critical to maintaining network integrity. Here we will test this prediction by using resting state fMRI data collected from patients with focal brain lesions and healthy participants following transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We will test the hypothesis that perturbation of intrinsic brain organization results in both local decreases in the affected network and global reconfiguration of brain modules. Moreover, we hypothesize that the roles of nodes within networks that have reconfigured following brain damage is compensatory. Another approach for investigating network reconfiguration is to compare brain organization at rest to that during a cognitive task. Thus, we will also test the hypothesis that, similar to the adaptive reorganization after damage, specific task demands will result in rapid alteration of network organization at both the global and local level. This proposa will further knowledge about brain organization and its potential for plasticity in various context, such as brain damage and the dynamics cognitive demands of daily life. Moreover, we propose that network approaches such as those applied in this proposal can provide empirical data to reconcile strictly localizationalist vs. distributionist accounts of brain function. Relevant to th NIH mission, the neural mechanisms underlying brain plasticity identified in the proposed studies can serve as targets for the development of diagnostic biomarkers as well as cognitive therapy interventions for rehabilitation of patients with brain damage from prevalent neurological disorders such as stroke and traumatic brain injury.

描述（由申请人提供）：大脑在迅速变化的环境中灵活吸引不同功能网络的潜力对于促进各种行为和损害后自适应重新组织至关重要。这种网络可塑性可以通过功能网络中局部连通性强度的两种变化以及整个大脑的全球网络结构的两种变化而出现。最近的研究激增评估了使用功能MRI（fMRI）在REST期间局部大脑区域局部网络的固有功能连通性。现在可以使用图理论工具来量化该复杂大脑组织的全局特性，其中将大脑区域定义为节点，区域之间的连接定义为边缘。该提案的广泛目标是应用局部，网络特定的连通性测量以及全球图理论方法，以检查两种不同情况下神经可塑性的能力：皮质功能的破坏（急性和慢性）和特定的认知任务需求。对脑损伤对网络组织的影响的研究集中在局部网络的特定损害影响上，通常发现对网络效应的一部分损害连接但未损坏的区域。对全球大脑组织的焦点损害的结果主要通过模拟病变数据进行了检查，并提出大脑区域对于整合网络的信息特别重要，对于维持网络完整性至关重要。在这里，我们将通过使用经颅磁刺激（TMS）从患有局灶性脑病变和健康参与者的患者收集的静止状态fMRI数据来测试这一预测。我们将检验以下假设，即内在大脑组织的扰动导致了这两个局部 脑模块的受影响网络和全局重新配置的减少。此外，我们假设节点在脑损伤后重新配置的网络中的作用是补偿性的。研究网络重新配置的另一种方法是将静止性的大脑组织与认知任务进行比较。因此，我们还将检验以下假设：与损坏后的自适应重组类似，特定的任务要求将导致全球和地方层面的网络组织快速改变。这一建议将进一步了解大脑组织及其在各种情况下的可塑性的潜力，例如脑损伤和日常生活的动态认知需求。此外，我们提出的是，该提案中应用的网络方法可以提供经验数据来调和严格的本地化主义者与分销主义者对大脑功能的说法。与NIH任务相关的是，在拟议的研究中确定的脑可塑性的基础神经机制可以作为开发诊断生物标志物的发展的靶标，以及用于康复患者脑部神经疾病（如中风和脑脑损伤）脑部损害患者的认知疗法干预措施。