Neural dynamics of human working memory networks

人类工作记忆网络的神经动力学

• 批准号: 9753357
• 负责人: MARK D'ESPOSITO
• 金额: $ 52.42万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-26 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9753357
• 关键词: Affect; Affective; Area; Attention Deficit Disorder; Auditory area; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Clinical; Cognitive; Color; Computer Simulation; Data; Dementia; Diagnosis; Drug Addiction; Electrocorticogram; Electrophysiology (science); Esthesia; Etiology; Exhibits; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Goals; Human; Impairment; Knowledge; Lateral; Lesion; Link; Maintenance; Mediating; Memory; Mental disorders; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Monkeys; Motor Pathways; Nature; Neurons; Neurosciences; Neurosciences Research; Output; Perception; Performance; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Primates; Process; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Stroke; Structure; Substance Addiction; System; Testing; Therapeutic Intervention; Time; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Traumatic Brain Injury; Treatment Efficacy; United States National Institutes of Health; Update; Visual Cortex; behavior influence; cognitive control; distraction; experience; flexibility; frontal lobe; frontal lobe function; human subject; insight; multimodality; neocortical; nervous system disorder; neural circuit; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; nonhuman primate; normal aging; preservation; prospective; relating to nervous system; response; spatiotemporal

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Intentional and flexible behavior, often called “cognitive control”, requires the maintenance and selection of perceptual, mnemonic, and response representations consistent with the broader context and higher-level goals. One of the most challenging problems in neuroscience is determining how voluntary, goal-directed behavior arises from the distributed activity of billions of neurons in the brain. To tackle this problem, one must understand the cognitive and neural mechanisms of working memory (WM), a fundamental ability underlying goal-directed behavior. The study of WM, however, has only minimally benefited from the revolution in neural dynamics that has been experienced in other fields. Discovery of WM neural dynamics is particularly important given that WM requires the interaction of multiple brain systems, notably the lateral PFC (lPFC) and posterior processing systems. Thus, a determination of the neural mechanisms underlying lPFC function, the most elaborated neocortical region in primates, and WM, remains a fundamental goal of neuroscience research. To achieve this goal, three different methods will be implemented in human subjects in this proposal during the performance of WM task – ECoG, fMRI and TMS. This will provide a convergent approach that tests hypotheses regarding the spatio-temporal basis of WM and will be able to determine the causality of the electrophysiological and neuroimaging findings. Although not the prime focus of the proposal, the ECoG data will also provide a link to monkey neurophysiology and the neural drivers of the fMRI BOLD signal. Basic knowledge about WM and frontal lobe function can provide substantial insights into the nature of a large number of psychiatric and neurological disorders affecting PFC function such as schizophrenia, dementia, stroke and traumatic brain injury; as well as many other conditions such as attention-deficit disorder, substance addiction and normal aging, that are proposed to involve selective dysfunction of frontal brain systems. Moreover, cognitive and behavioral deficits from PFC damage are particularly challenging to treat. A greater understanding of frontal lobe function is necessary for developing effective therapeutic interventions.

项目概要/摘要 有意识和灵活的行为，通常被称为“认知控制”，需要维护和选择与更广泛的背景和更高层次的目标相一致的感知、记忆和反应表征。神经科学中最具挑战性的问题之一是确定大脑中数十亿神经元的分布式活动如何产生自愿的、目标导向的行为。为了解决这个问题，我们必须了解工作记忆（WM）的认知和神经机制，这是目标导向行为背后的一种基本能力。然而，WM 的研究仅从其他领域经历的神经动力学革命中获益甚少。鉴于 WM 需要多个大脑系统的相互作用，尤其是侧前额叶皮层 (lPFC) 和后处理系统，发现 WM 神经动力学尤为重要。因此，确定 lPFC 功能（灵长类动物中最复杂的新皮质区域）和 WM 的神经机制仍然是神经科学研究的基本目标。为了实现这一目标，本提案将在执行 WM 任务期间对人类受试者实施三种不同的方法——ECoG、fMRI 和 TMS。这将提供一种收敛方法来测试有关 WM 时空基础的假设，并将能够确定电生理学和神经影像学结果的因果关系。虽然不是该提案的主要焦点，但 ECoG 数据还将提供与猴子神经生理学和 fMRI BOLD 信号的神经驱动因素的联系。有关 WM 和额叶功能的基础知识可以帮助我们深入了解影响 PFC 功能的大量精神和神经疾病的性质，例如精神分裂症、痴呆、中风和创伤性脑损伤；以及许多其他病症，例如注意力缺陷障碍、物质成瘾和正常衰老，这些病症都被认为与额叶系统的选择性功能障碍有关。此外，PFC 损伤导致的认知和行为缺陷尤其难以治疗。更好地了解额叶功能对于制定有效的治疗干预措施是必要的。