Comparative genomics of sex chromosomes in Diptera: gene trafficking, dosage comp

双翅目性染色体的比较基因组学：基因运输、剂量比较

• 批准号: 8698035
• 负责人: Doris Bachtrog
• 金额: $ 38.12万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-03-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8698035
• 关键词: Base Sequence; Biology; ChIP-seq; Characteristics; Chromatin; Chromatin Structure; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1; Data; Data Set; Defect; Diptera; Dosage Compensation (Genetics); Drosophila genus; Evolution; Family; Female; Feminization; Fertility; Gene Dosage; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Profile; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Transcription; Genome; Genomics; Head; Health; Homologous Gene; Human; Investigation; Knowledge; Link; Male Infertility; Mammals; Methods; Modeling; Molecular Profiling; Movement; Organism; Ovary; Pattern; Phylogenetic Analysis; Primates; Property; Research; Resources; Sampling; Sex Bias; Sex Chromosomes; Shapes; Statistical Methods; System; Techniques; Testis; Text; Tissues; X Chromosome; X Inactivation; Y Chromosome; abstracting; autosome; comparative; comparative genomics; dosage; fly; genome analysis; genome sequencing; histone modification; male; next generation sequencing; novel; physical mapping; segregation; sex; trafficking; transcriptome sequencing

Enter the text here that is the new abstract information for your application. This section must be no longer than 30 lines of text. Comparative genomics of sex chromosomes in Diptera: gene trafficking, dosage compensation, sex-biased expression and gene content evolution. Sex chromosomes are derived from ordinary autosomes but harbor many unique characteristics, including a nonrandom gene content, or sex-specific expression patterns. However, most of our knowledge of sex chromosome biology is restricted to a few model species, including humans or Drosophila, since identification of sex-linked genes traditionally requires laborious segregation analysis or physical mapping. Research in these two groups has revealed that sex chromosomes often show unusual, yet sometimes highly discordant patterns of genome evolution and function. In particular, X chromosomes of mammals show an excess of male genes, yet a deficiency in Drosophila; the X is dosage compensated through X inactivation in female mammals, yet is hyper-transcribed in Drosophila males; the gene content is highly conserved on the Y chromosome in primates and many Y genes have homologs on the X, yet turns over rapidly in Drosophila with no remaining X-Y homology. Thus, to disentangle species-specific patterns from general features of sex chromosomes, it is necessary to compare the genomic properties of several independently formed sex chromosomes. We have developed a new powerful statistical method for identifying a large number of sex-linked genes that is applicable to virtually any organism using next-generation sequencing techniques. This will allow us to examine sex chromosomes in several non-model organisms, and study the functional and evolutionary properties of sex chromosomes in an unprecedented way. We propose to use broad phylogenetic sampling in Diptera and novel sequencing-based methods to identify sex-linked sequences, combined with transcriptome profiling across sexes and tissues, and investigation of the sex-specific chromatin structure. This rich data set will allow us to identify transitions among sex chromosomes and sex determining mechanisms, and will reveal key principals that shape the evolution and function of independently evolved sex chromosomes in flies, including identification of the general mechanisms of dosage compensation and the evolution of sex-biased expression patterns.

在此输入文本，它是应用程序的新摘要信息。本节必须是否 超过30行的文本。 双翅目昆虫性染色体的比较基因组学：基因运输，剂量补偿， 性别偏向表达和基因内容进化。 性染色体来源于普通的常染色体，但具有许多独特的特征， 包括非随机基因内容或性别特异性表达模式。然而，我们的大多数 性染色体生物学的知识仅限于少数模式物种，包括人类或 果蝇，由于鉴定性连锁基因传统上需要费力的分离分析， 物理映射对这两个群体的研究表明，性染色体往往显示出 不寻常的，但有时高度不协调的模式基因组进化和功能。特别是，X 哺乳动物的染色体显示雄性基因过多，而果蝇则缺乏; X是 在雌性哺乳动物中通过X失活补偿剂量，但在果蝇中超转录 雄性;基因内容在灵长类的Y染色体上高度保守，许多Y基因具有 同源的X，但在果蝇中迅速翻转，没有剩余的X-Y同源性。从而 为了从性染色体的一般特征中解开物种特异性模式，有必要 比较几个独立形成的性染色体的基因组特性。我们已经开发 一种新的强大的统计方法，用于识别大量的性连锁基因，适用于 几乎所有的有机体都可以使用下一代测序技术。这将使我们能够检查性别 染色体在几个非模式生物，并研究功能和进化特性， 以前所未有的方式改变性染色体。 我们建议在双翅目中使用广泛的系统发育抽样和新的基于测序的方法， 鉴定性连锁序列，结合跨性别和组织的转录组分析， 性别特异性染色质结构的研究。这个丰富的数据集将使我们能够识别过渡 在性染色体和性别决定机制，并将揭示关键原则，塑造 果蝇中独立进化的性染色体的进化和功能，包括鉴定 剂量补偿的一般机制和性别偏见的表达模式的演变。