Real-Time Evaluations of Alcohol Consequences and Subsequent Drinking

描述（由申请人提供）：该K 01研究和培训奖将使PI能够发展作为独立研究人员的技能，使用先进的方法和统计技术，最终（a）发现年轻人滥用酒精的病因，（B）使用这些知识来完善年轻成年饮酒者的简短干预措施。拟议的研究的目的是确定事件水平的酒精相关的后果对随后的饮酒决定在大量饮酒的大学生的影响。社会学习理论（Social Learning Theory）强调了认知因素和情境因素在酒精滥用中的重要性。最近的研究表明，学生主观评估其后果的方式（即，个人对后果的积极与消极的看法）可能比后果本身更重要。该项目将是第一个研究积极和消极的酒精相关后果的实时主观评估如何影响下一次饮酒事件的延迟和饮酒量的项目。定性方法（焦点小组与30-48重度饮酒的大学生，个人访谈10名试点参与者）将被用来（a）更好地了解学生个人如何评估他们的饮酒的后果和（B）修改措施，并学习如何最大限度地遵守生态瞬时评估（EMA）协议在离散饮酒事件。随后，EMA将被用来收集数据，从72名学生的后果，后果评估，和上下文因素（情绪，事件水平的规范性看法的后果）。异质混合效应和脆弱性建模将用于检查（a）后果评估的上下文预测因子，以及（B）实时和第二天评估作为下一次饮酒事件的延迟和饮酒量的预测因子。一个探索性的目的是检查是否实时和第二天的评价相同的后果有系统的不同。研究结果将有助于我们了解大学生饮酒的决定，并有助于确定潜在的干预目标。这项研究将导致随后的拨款申请涉及（a）更大规模的 EMA检查饮酒后果随时间推移的影响的中介者和调节者，以及（B）测试是否可以在干预的背景下修改评估和后果规范，以减少饮酒。PI将与高技能的导师团队（Kate Carey、罗谢尔罗森、Robert米兰达、Kristina杰克逊和托马斯Piasecki博士）合作，建立与本研究议程相关的四个专业领域：（1）为测量和方法开发提供信息的定性研究方法;（2）EMA方法;（3）EMA数据分析;（4）干预开发。这个K 01提案旨在了解酒精后果的实时体验对后来饮酒的影响机制，解决了酒精滥用科学中的一个关键优先事项，并将充分准备 PI在这个特定领域的独立研究生涯。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This K01 research and training award will enable the PI to develop skills as an independent researcher using advanced methodological and statistical techniques to ultimately (a) uncover etiological factors of alcohol misuse among young adults, and (b) use that knowledge to refine brief interventions for young adult drinkers. The aim of the proposed research is to identify the impact that event-level alcohol-related consequences have on subsequent drinking decisions among heavy drinking college students. Social learning theory (SLT) highlights the importance of both cognitive factors and contextual factors underlying alcohol misuse. Both SLT and recent research suggest that the way students subjectively evaluate their consequences (i.e., the degree to which consequences are personally perceived as positive versus negative) may be more important than the consequences themselves. This project will be the first to examine how the real-time subjective evaluations of positive and negative alcohol-related consequences influence latency to and amount of drinking at the next drinking event. Qualitative methods (focus groups with 30-48 heavy drinking college students; individual interviews with 10 pilot participants) will be used (a) to better understand how students personally evaluate the consequences of their drinking and (b) to modify measures for and learn how to maximize compliance with an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol during discrete drinking events. Subsequently, EMA will be used to gather data from 72 students on consequences, consequence evaluations, and contextual factors (mood, event-level normative perceptions of consequences). Heterogeneous mixed effects and frailty modeling will be used to examine (a) contextual predictors of consequence evaluations, and (b) both real-time and next day evaluations as predictors of both latency to and amount of drinking at the next drinking event. An exploratory aim is to examine whether real-time and next-day evaluations of the same consequence differ systematically. Results will inform our understanding of college students' decisions to drink and will help identify potential targets of intervention. This research will lead to subsequent grant applications involving (a) a larger scale EMA examination of mediators and moderators of the impact of consequences on drinking over time, and (b) tests of whether evaluations and consequence norms can be modified within the context of intervention to result in decreased drinking. The PI will work with a highly skilled mentorship team (Drs. Kate Carey, Rochelle Rosen, Robert Miranda, Kristina Jackson, and Thomas Piasecki) to build four areas of expertise relevant to this research agenda: (1) qualitative research methods to inform measures and methods development; (2) methodology of EMA; (3) analysis of EMA data; and (4) intervention development. This K01 proposal to understand mechanisms of the influence of the real-time experience of alcohol consequences on later drinking addresses a key priority in the science of alcohol misuse, and will fully prepare the PI for an independent research career in this specific field.