Real-Time Evaluations of Alcohol Consequences and Subsequent Drinking

描述(由申请人提供)：这项K01研究和培训奖将使PI能够发展作为独立研究人员的技能，使用先进的方法和统计技术最终(A)揭示年轻人酗酒的病因，(B)利用这些知识完善针对年轻成年饮酒者的简短干预措施。这项拟议的研究的目的是确定事件级别的酒精相关后果对酗酒大学生随后饮酒决定的影响。社会学习理论强调了酒精滥用背后的认知因素和语境因素的重要性。SLT和最近的研究都表明，学生主观评估其后果的方式(即个人认为后果是积极的还是消极的程度)可能比后果本身更重要。该项目将首次研究对积极和消极酒精相关后果的实时主观评估如何影响下一次饮酒事件的潜伏期和饮酒量。定性方法(30-48名重度饮酒大学生组成的焦点小组；对10名试点参与者的个别访谈)将被用来(A)更好地了解学生如何个人评估他们饮酒的后果，以及(B)修改措施，并学习如何在不同的饮酒活动中最大限度地遵守生态瞬时评估(EMA)方案。随后，EMA将被用来收集72名学生关于后果、后果评估和背景因素(情绪、事件级别的标准化后果知觉)的数据。异质混合效应和脆弱性模型将被用来检验(A)后果评估的上下文预测因素，以及(B)实时和次日评估作为下一次饮酒事件的潜伏期和饮酒量的预测因素。探索性的目的是检查对同一后果的实时评估和次日评估是否系统地不同。结果将有助于我们了解大学生饮酒的决定，并有助于确定潜在的干预目标。这项研究将导致随后的赠款申请，涉及(A)更大的规模 EMA对调解人和调解人随时间推移对饮酒的影响进行检查，以及(B)测试评估和后果规范是否可以在干预范围内进行修改，以减少饮酒。PI将与高技能的指导团队(Kate Carey博士、Rochelle Rosen博士、Robert Miranda博士、Kristina Jackson博士和Thomas Piasecki博士)合作，建立与本研究议程相关的四个专业领域：(1)为测量和方法开发提供信息的定性研究方法；(2)EMA方法学；(3)EMA数据分析；以及(4)干预开发。K01建议了解酒精后果的实时体验对后来饮酒的影响的机制，解决了酒精滥用科学中的一个关键优先事项，并将充分准备 在这一特定领域从事独立研究事业的PI。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This K01 research and training award will enable the PI to develop skills as an independent researcher using advanced methodological and statistical techniques to ultimately (a) uncover etiological factors of alcohol misuse among young adults, and (b) use that knowledge to refine brief interventions for young adult drinkers. The aim of the proposed research is to identify the impact that event-level alcohol-related consequences have on subsequent drinking decisions among heavy drinking college students. Social learning theory (SLT) highlights the importance of both cognitive factors and contextual factors underlying alcohol misuse. Both SLT and recent research suggest that the way students subjectively evaluate their consequences (i.e., the degree to which consequences are personally perceived as positive versus negative) may be more important than the consequences themselves. This project will be the first to examine how the real-time subjective evaluations of positive and negative alcohol-related consequences influence latency to and amount of drinking at the next drinking event. Qualitative methods (focus groups with 30-48 heavy drinking college students; individual interviews with 10 pilot participants) will be used (a) to better understand how students personally evaluate the consequences of their drinking and (b) to modify measures for and learn how to maximize compliance with an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol during discrete drinking events. Subsequently, EMA will be used to gather data from 72 students on consequences, consequence evaluations, and contextual factors (mood, event-level normative perceptions of consequences). Heterogeneous mixed effects and frailty modeling will be used to examine (a) contextual predictors of consequence evaluations, and (b) both real-time and next day evaluations as predictors of both latency to and amount of drinking at the next drinking event. An exploratory aim is to examine whether real-time and next-day evaluations of the same consequence differ systematically. Results will inform our understanding of college students' decisions to drink and will help identify potential targets of intervention. This research will lead to subsequent grant applications involving (a) a larger scale EMA examination of mediators and moderators of the impact of consequences on drinking over time, and (b) tests of whether evaluations and consequence norms can be modified within the context of intervention to result in decreased drinking. The PI will work with a highly skilled mentorship team (Drs. Kate Carey, Rochelle Rosen, Robert Miranda, Kristina Jackson, and Thomas Piasecki) to build four areas of expertise relevant to this research agenda: (1) qualitative research methods to inform measures and methods development; (2) methodology of EMA; (3) analysis of EMA data; and (4) intervention development. This K01 proposal to understand mechanisms of the influence of the real-time experience of alcohol consequences on later drinking addresses a key priority in the science of alcohol misuse, and will fully prepare the PI for an independent research career in this specific field.