Real-Time Evaluations of Alcohol Consequences and Subsequent Drinking

描述（由申请人提供）：这项K01研究和培训奖将使PI能够发展作为独立研究人员的技能，使用先进的方法和统计技术，最终(a)揭示年轻人酒精滥用的病因因素，(b)利用这些知识改进对年轻成年饮酒者的简短干预措施。这项研究的目的是确定事件水平的酒精相关后果对酗酒大学生随后的饮酒决定的影响。社会学习理论（SLT）强调认知因素和情境因素对酒精滥用的重要性。SLT和最近的研究都表明，学生主观评估结果的方式（即，个人认为结果是积极的还是消极的程度）可能比结果本身更重要。该项目将首次研究对积极和消极酒精相关后果的实时主观评估如何影响下一次饮酒活动的饮酒潜伏期和饮酒量。定性方法（30-48名重度饮酒大学生的焦点小组；10名试点参与者的个人访谈）将被用于(a)更好地了解学生如何个人评估他们饮酒的后果，(b)修改措施并学习如何在离散饮酒事件中最大限度地遵守生态瞬时评估（EMA）协议。随后，EMA将用于收集来自72名学生的结果、结果评估和情境因素（情绪、事件层面对结果的规范性感知）的数据。异质混合效应和脆弱性建模将用于检验(a)后果评估的上下文预测因素，以及(b)实时和第二天的评估作为下一次饮酒事件的延迟和饮酒量的预测因素。一个探索性的目的是检查是否实时和第二天的评估相同的后果系统不同。结果将告知我们对大学生饮酒决定的理解，并将有助于确定干预的潜在目标。这项研究将导致后续的拨款申请，涉及(a)更大规模

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This K01 research and training award will enable the PI to develop skills as an independent researcher using advanced methodological and statistical techniques to ultimately (a) uncover etiological factors of alcohol misuse among young adults, and (b) use that knowledge to refine brief interventions for young adult drinkers. The aim of the proposed research is to identify the impact that event-level alcohol-related consequences have on subsequent drinking decisions among heavy drinking college students. Social learning theory (SLT) highlights the importance of both cognitive factors and contextual factors underlying alcohol misuse. Both SLT and recent research suggest that the way students subjectively evaluate their consequences (i.e., the degree to which consequences are personally perceived as positive versus negative) may be more important than the consequences themselves. This project will be the first to examine how the real-time subjective evaluations of positive and negative alcohol-related consequences influence latency to and amount of drinking at the next drinking event. Qualitative methods (focus groups with 30-48 heavy drinking college students; individual interviews with 10 pilot participants) will be used (a) to better understand how students personally evaluate the consequences of their drinking and (b) to modify measures for and learn how to maximize compliance with an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol during discrete drinking events. Subsequently, EMA will be used to gather data from 72 students on consequences, consequence evaluations, and contextual factors (mood, event-level normative perceptions of consequences). Heterogeneous mixed effects and frailty modeling will be used to examine (a) contextual predictors of consequence evaluations, and (b) both real-time and next day evaluations as predictors of both latency to and amount of drinking at the next drinking event. An exploratory aim is to examine whether real-time and next-day evaluations of the same consequence differ systematically. Results will inform our understanding of college students' decisions to drink and will help identify potential targets of intervention. This research will lead to subsequent grant applications involving (a) a larger scale EMA examination of mediators and moderators of the impact of consequences on drinking over time, and (b) tests of whether evaluations and consequence norms can be modified within the context of intervention to result in decreased drinking. The PI will work with a highly skilled mentorship team (Drs. Kate Carey, Rochelle Rosen, Robert Miranda, Kristina Jackson, and Thomas Piasecki) to build four areas of expertise relevant to this research agenda: (1) qualitative research methods to inform measures and methods development; (2) methodology of EMA; (3) analysis of EMA data; and (4) intervention development. This K01 proposal to understand mechanisms of the influence of the real-time experience of alcohol consequences on later drinking addresses a key priority in the science of alcohol misuse, and will fully prepare the PI for an independent research career in this specific field.