Cognitive/Brain Effects of Adding Weight Loss to Exercise in Obese Older Adults

肥胖老年人运动减重对认知/大脑的影响

• 批准号: 8723729
• 负责人: CHRISTINA E HUGENSCHMIDT
• 金额: $ 12.18万
• 依托单位: WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2018-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8723729
• 关键词: Accounting; Activities of Daily Living; Address; Adult; Aerobic; Aerobic Exercise; Affect; Aging; Attenuated; Behavioral Research; Blood flow; Body Composition; Body Weight; Body Weight decreased; Brain; Budgets; Caloric Restriction; Cardiovascular system; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cerebrum; Clinical; Clinical Trials; Clinical Trials Network; Cognition; Cognitive; Complement; Conduct Clinical Trials; Data; Dementia; Education; Educational Intervention; Elderly; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism; Ensure; Epidemic; Exercise; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Funding; Goals; Graph; Health; Healthcare; Healthcare Activity; Hypertension; Image Analysis; Impaired cognition; Individual; Inflammation; Institutionalization; Insulin Resistance; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Intervention Trial; Knowledge; Lead; Life Style; Link; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Mentors; Metabolic; Metabolic Brain Diseases; National Research Service Awards; Neurosciences; Obesity; Overweight; Parents; Participant; Perfusion; Pericardial body location; Phenotype; Physical Function; Physiological; Population; Public Health; Randomized; Randomized Clinical Trials; Recording of previous events; Regimen; Research; Research Personnel; Rest; Risk; Risk Factors; Secure; Structure; Syndrome; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Treatment Efficacy; United Nations; Walking; Weight; Woman; Work; World Health Organization; abdominal fat; age related; blood glucose regulation; brain volume; career; cerebral atrophy; cognitive function; cost; design; executive function; experience; fitness; improved; inflammatory marker; insulin sensitivity; men; modifiable risk; neuroimaging; neuronal growth; novel; post intervention; relating to nervous system; remediation; sedentary; theories; weight loss intervention; white matter

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The population in the US and worldwide is aging rapidly~ the United Nations estimates that by 2050, for the first time in history, the population f older people will exceed the population of younger people. At the same time, obesity is rapidly reaching epidemic proportions. The World Health Organization states that worldwide, obesity has doubled since 1980, and in 2008, 1.5 billion adults were obese. The combination of an aging, overweight population has serious implications for cognitive health, as aging and obesity are both associated with cognitive decline, as are risk factors that are increased by both aging and obesity, such as insulin resistance and hypertension. Poor cognitive function is a significant public health concern, particularly in older adults, because it can reduce an individual's ability o perform activities of daily living or follow prescribed health care activities, leads to increased institutionalization and loss of independence. There is good evidence that aerobic exercise benefits cognitive function in older adults. Exercise also improves glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity, and may lower inflammation, all potential mechanisms for exercise-induced improvement in cognition. Intentional weight loss through reduced caloric intake improves metabolic risk factors for cognitive decline more than exercise alone, suggesting that weight and fat loss may enhance the cognitive benefits of exercise. However, whether weight loss is safe and healthy for older adults is a matter of controversy, and some studies actually show that higher body weight is associated with better cognition in older adults. Thus, it is unknown whether adding caloric restriction to an aerobic exercise intervention provides an additive benefit on cognition, and brain structure and function, beyond exercise alone in obese older adults. The proposed study addresses concerns of national and worldwide health significance by investigating the effects of adding weight loss to exercise in obese older adults as a potential avenue for remediation of obesity-related cognitive decline in older adults. This study also provides an excellent avenue for training for the candidate, whose overall career goal is to become an independent clinical and translational researcher. Her strong background in cognitive neuroimaging of aging will be augmented by training in clinical trial research and behavioral weight loss interventions~ new analysis techniques~ and knowledge of obesity, dementia, and other geriatric syndromes. This training will allow her to design new trials that further investigate the relationships between modifiable risk factors for metabolic disease and the brain and cognition.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国和全世界的人口正在迅速衰老〜联合国估计，到2050年，历史上第一次，老年人的人口将超过年轻人的人口。同时，肥胖迅速达到流行比例。世界卫生组织指出，自1980年以来，全球，肥胖症已经翻了一番，2008年，成年人肥胖15亿。衰老，超重人群的结合对认知健康具有严重的影响，因为衰老和肥胖都与认知能力下降有关，危险因素也随着衰老和肥胖而增加的危险因素，例如胰岛素抵抗和高血压。认知功能不佳是一个重大的公共卫生问题，尤其是在老年人中，因为它可以降低个人的能力O O进行日常生活或遵循规定的医疗保健活动，从而导致制度化增加和独立丧失。有充分的证据表明，有氧运动对老年人的认知功能有益。运动还改善了葡萄糖调节和胰岛素敏感性，并可能降低炎症，这是所有潜在的运动引起的认知改善的机制。通过减少热量摄入，故意减肥可以改善认知能力下降的代谢风险因素，而不是单独运动，这表明体重和脂肪减少可能会增强运动的认知益处。但是，对于老年人来说，体重减轻是否安全和健康是一个争议的问题，一些研究实际上表明，体重更高与老年人更好的认知有关。因此，尚不清楚有氧运动干预措施是否将热量限制添加到认知，大脑结构和功能上，而不是肥胖老年人的锻炼。拟议的研究通过调查肥胖老年人的体重减轻的影响来解决国家和全球健康意义的关注 治疗老年人肥胖相关认知下降的途径。这项研究还为候选人提供了培训的绝佳途径，候选人的整体职业目标是成为独立的临床和转化研究人员。临床试验研究和行为减肥干预措施的培训〜新分析技术和肥胖，痴呆症和其他老年综合症的知识，她的衰老认知神经影像学的强大背景将得到增强。这项培训将使她能够设计新的试验，以进一步研究代谢疾病的可修改风险因素与大脑和认知之间的关系。