Characterizing Prescription Drug Use in a Representative Sample of U.S. Drivers

描述（由申请人提供）：在药物影响下驾驶（DUID）已成为美国强烈关注的问题。2007年全国路边调查（NRS），由我们在PIRE的研究小组成员进行，发现16.3%的司机测试呈阳性的药物-合法和非法-有可能损害驾驶。2011年《国家药物管制战略》随后将DUID列为其三大政策优先事项之一，并提议到2015年将DUID减少10%。虽然减少DUID的努力适用于驾驶员服用任何具有损害潜力的药物，包括处方药，但没有估计这些驾驶员中有多少人服用合法处方的药物，这些驾驶员中有多少人获得了关于其药物损害潜力的信息，以及他们在使用这些药物时感知的损害和/或逮捕风险。PIRE已被美国国家公路交通安全管理局选为2013年NRS的领导者，这为快速有效地填补处方药相关DUID知识方面的空白提供了一个绝佳的机会，该数据来自48个相邻州的约9，000名美国司机的全国代表性样本。具体而言，该R21申请提出了对NRS的处方药调查补充，沿着NRS方案中已包含的药物唾液检测结果，将有助于实现以下研究目标：目标1：对以下驾驶员进行详细描述：（a）使用可能影响驾驶的处方药，（B）有他们正在服用的药物的处方，（c）服用多于处方的药物。我们将估计这三个类别的患病率，并检查性别，年龄，种族/民族，教育和收入，以及驾驶行为，犯罪历史和酒精使用的变化。目标二：确定有多少服用有损害潜力的处方药的司机收到了他们的医疗保健提供者，药房工作人员或处方警告标签关于受损驾驶的警告。与目标1一样，我们将研究收到这些警告与司机的人口统计数据和其他相关特征之间的关系。目的3：检查驾驶员对处方药可能（a）损害人的驾驶能力和（B）增加 因驾驶障碍而被逮捕的风险。这项研究的结果将被应用到开发和测试的干预措施，旨在确保司机谁使用处方药与损害潜力了解公共卫生和法律的影响，他们选择开车。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) has become an issue of intense concern in the United States. The 2007 National Roadside Survey (NRS), conducted by members of our research team at PIRE, found that 16.3% of drivers tested positive for drugs - both licit and illicit - that have the potential to impair driving. The 2011 National Drug Control Strategy subsequently cited DUID as one of its top three policy priorities and proposed to reduce DUID by 10% by 2015. Although efforts to reduce DUID apply to drivers taking any drug with impairment potential, including prescription drugs, there are no estimates of how many of these drivers are taking drugs that are legitimately prescribed, the proportion of these drivers who have been given information on the impairment potential of their medications, and their perceived risk of impairment and/or arrest while using these medications. PIRE has been chosen by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to lead the 2013 NRS, presenting an outstanding opportunity to quickly and efficiently fill these gaps in knowledge regarding prescription drug-related DUID in a nationally representative sample of approximately 9,000 U.S. drivers from the 48 contiguous states. Specifically, this R21 application proposes a prescription drug survey supplement to the NRS that, along with the results of saliva testing for drugs already included in the NRS protocol, would facilitate fulfillment of the following research aims: Aim 1: Produce a detailed characterization of drivers who (a) use prescription medications that have the potential to impair driving, (b) have a prescription for the drug they are taking, an (c) take more of the drug than prescribed. We will estimate prevalence for these three categories and examine variation by gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, and income, as well as by driving behaviors, offense histories, and alcohol use. Aim 2: Determine how many of the drivers who took prescribed medications with impairment potential received a warning from their health care providers, pharmacy staff, or prescription warning labels regarding impaired driving. As with Aim 1, we will examine the association between receiving these warnings and drivers' demographics and other relevant characteristics. Aim 3: Examine drivers' perceptions regarding the likelihood that prescription drugs may (a) impair a person's ability to drive, and (b) increase the risk of arrest for impaired driving. The findings from this study will be applied to the development and testing of interventions designed to ensure that drivers who use prescription drugs with impairment potential understand both the public health and legal implications of their choice to drive.