权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Anticipatory Hemodynamic Signals in Primary Visual Cortex

初级视觉皮层的预期血流动力学信号

基本信息

批准号：
8632398
负责人：
ANIRUDDHA DAS
金额：
$ 39.92万
依托单位：
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-09-30 至 2016-09-29
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8632398
关键词：
Affect Animals Arousal Attention Attention Deficit Disorder Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Behavior Behavioral Blood Blood Volume Blood flow Brain Brain imaging Clinical Complement Cues Discrimination Disease Electrodes Electrophysiology (science)Etiology Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Goals Grant Hand Hemoglobin Human Image Imaging Techniques Laboratories Light Link Macaca Macaca mulatta Measures Medical Metabolic Modeling Monitor Neurons Neurosciences Neurosciences Research Pathway interactions Performance Photic Stimulation Process Public Health Records Reporting Rest Rewards Role Signal Transduction Stereotyping Stimulus Structure Sum Synapses Task Performances Techniques Testing Time Visual Visual Cortex Visual system structure Work alertness area striata base hazard hemodynamics improved insight neuromechanism neuroregulation novel optical imaging public health relevance relating to nervous system response sample fixation tool vigilance visual process visual processing

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY The long-term goal of the lab is to understand the neural mechanisms of visual processing early in the cortical pathway. To this end the lab records from rhesus macaque visual cortex using a combination of intrinsic-signal optical imaging and electrophysiology while the animals perform visual tasks. This project derives from earlier work showing that V1 (primary visual cortex) imaging signals in alert, task- engaged macaques have two components. One component is related to stimulation and V1 neuronal activity. The other component - of comparable strength - is a novel task-related signal independent of local spiking. Later work showed that when the animal performs stereotyped tasks, the task-related signal can be removed linearly from stimulus-evoked signals which can then be related with particularly high reliability (>90%) to local spiking. The task-related signal, on the other hand, is strongly modulated by factors such as reward size, task structure and performance, suggesting its role as a form of arousal or attention independent of local spiking. These results were obtained using the support of my last grant. The current proposal is a resubmission of my request for a competitive renewal of the same grant. This current project has two goals that derive from the above observations. The first goal is to generalize the observed link between stimulus-evoked imaging and spiking, as a broad principle for interpreting brain images. This would be valuable for the interpretation of fMRI, one of the most widely used neuroscience research tools. The second goal is to define the factors controlling the task-related signal and the effect of this signal on performance. This goal is expected to provide insights about a novel brain mechanism of attention or arousal, as well as the etiology of attentional disorders such as ADD and ADHD. The novel findings at the base of this proposal were obtained as a result of an imaging technique developed in our laboratory, continuous dual-wavelength intrinsic-signal optical imaging, combined with electrode recordings, in alert behaving macaques. For the imaging, one wavelength, absorbed preferentially in oxygenated hemoglobin, monitors blood oxygenation; the other wavelength, absorbed equally in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, measures blood volume. The simultaneous electrode recordings give an electrophysiological measure of the underlying neuronal activity. The continuous recording makes it possible to distinguish between ongoing signals and stimulus-evoked responses. This technique will form the basis of the current project, giving a unique combination of tools to answer the questions at hand.

项目概要该实验室的长期目标是了解皮层早期视觉处理的神经机制途径。为此，实验室使用内部信号组合记录了恒河猴视觉皮层动物执行视觉任务时的光学成像和电生理学。该项目源于早期的工作，该工作表明 V1（初级视觉皮层）成像信号在警觉、任务- 订婚的猕猴有两个组成部分。其中一个成分与刺激和 V1 神经元活动有关。另一个具有相当强度的成分是一种独立于局部尖峰的新颖的与任务相关的信号。后来的工作表明，当动物执行刻板任务时，与任务相关的信号可以被去除从刺激引发的信号线性地产生，然后可以以特别高的可靠性（> 90％）与本地相关尖峰。另一方面，与任务相关的信号受到奖励大小、任务等因素的强烈调节。结构和性能，表明其作为一种独立于局部尖峰的唤醒或注意力形式的作用。这些结果是在我上次资助的支持下获得的。当前的提案是我的重新提交请求对同一补助金进行竞争性更新。当前的项目有两个源自上述观察的目标。第一个目标是概括观察到刺激诱发成像和尖峰之间的联系，作为解释大脑图像的广泛原则。这对于解释功能磁共振成像是很有价值的，功能磁共振成像是使用最广泛的神经科学研究工具之一。第二个目标是定义控制任务相关信号的因素以及该信号对任务的影响。表现。这一目标有望提供关于注意力或唤醒的新型大脑机制的见解，以及注意力障碍（如ADD和ADHD）的病因学。该提案基础上的新颖发现是通过开发成像技术获得的我们实验室，连续双波长本征信号光学成像，结合电极录音中，猕猴表现得警觉。对于成像，一种波长，优先被吸收氧合血红蛋白，监测血液氧合；另一个波长，在含氧物质中被同等吸收和脱氧血红蛋白，测量血容量。同时电极记录给出潜在神经元活动的电生理测量。连续记录使得可以区分持续信号和刺激引起的反应。该技术将构成当前的项目，提供了独特的工具组合来回答手头的问题。