Default Mode and Control Brain Networks in Cannabis Dependence, and Abstinence

大麻依赖和禁欲中的默认模式和控制大脑网络

• 批准号: 8848608
• 负责人: PATRICK David SKOSNIK
• 金额: $ 1.51万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-01 至 2015-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8848608
• 关键词: Abstinence; Acute; Adolescence; Applications Grants; Back; Biological Neural Networks; Brain; Budgets; Cannabinoids; Cannabis; Cannabis Smoking; Cannabis sativa plant; Chronic; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Consumption; Data; Dependence; Development; Disease; Down-Regulation; Endocannabinoids; Equilibrium; Exhibits; Exposure to; Fright; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Glutamates; Health; Hour; Human; Illicit Drugs; Image; Image Analysis; Individual; Light; Long-Term Effects; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Marijuana; Marijuana Dependence; Measures; Medial; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Neuraxis; Neurobiology; Neurocognition; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prefrontal Cortex; Property; Public Health; Residual state; Rest; Sampling; Seeds; Self Perception; Short-Term Memory; Smoking; Study Section; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; System; Tetrahydrocannabinol; Time; United States; Withdrawal; base; blood oxygen level dependent; cannabinoid receptor; critical period; design; endogenous cannabinoid system; information processing; innovation; mind control; neurodevelopment; neuroimaging; neurophysiology; neurotransmission; novel; operation; public health relevance; receptor; relating to nervous system; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Marijuana, or Cannabis sativa, is the most commonly used illicit drug worldwide, and rates of its abuse have increased during the past twenty-five years. In fact, in the United States, individuals with disorders related to cannabis exposure are two times higher than for any other illicit drug. Increased levels of use primarily occur during adolescence and young adulthood, which is of concern from a public health perspective since these are also critical periods of neural development. This fear is further underscored by the fact that cannabis may act as a gateway drug, since its use may predispose individuals to abuse other illicit drugs. In addition, the potency of cannabis (concentration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (? 9-THC)), is now exceeding 10% in the U.S. (compared to 4% in 1983), which could have unforeseen consequences for normal brain function. Given the vast number of individuals who consume cannabis on a regular basis, a thorough understanding of its long-term effects on neural function is vitally important. Cannabis and associated phytocannabinoids exert their effects through the activation of central cannabinoid receptors (CB1R). It is now well-established that repeated exposure to cannabis results in the development of tolerance, dependence, and a withdrawal syndrome upon cessation of use. Long-term cannabinoid exposure also induces a decrease in the number of CB1Rs. However, the functional implications of these changes remain unclear. The resting-state default mode network and "task-positive" control network may be dependent on an intact endocannabinoid system, which could be compromised by heavy cannabis use. Therefore, the purpose the proposed study is to examine the effects of chronic cannabis use, acute withdrawal, and sustained abstinence on default mode and control brain networks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) will be used to evaluate the default mode network and control network in cannabis-dependent individuals at baseline (smoking as usual), following brief (48 hour) confirmed abstinence (when cannabis withdrawal is most likely to occur), and after prolonged (4 weeks) confirmed abstinence. A sample of healthy control individuals will also be assessed. It is anticipated that data from this study will elucidate the neurobiological consequences of chronic cannabis consumption and its effect on brain function, and will shed new light on the status and function of neural networks during active cannabis use, withdrawal, and prolonged abstinence.

描述（由申请人提供）：大麻，或大麻，是世界上最常用的非法药物，其滥用率在过去25年中有所增加。事实上，在美国，与大麻接触有关的疾病个体比任何其他非法药物高两倍。增加的使用水平主要发生在青春期和青年期，从公共卫生的角度来看，这是令人关切的，因为这也是神经发育的关键时期。事实进一步强调了这种担忧