Homeless Female Offenders Returning to the Community: Improving Hopeful Futures

无家可归的女性罪犯重返社区：改善充满希望的未来

• 批准号: 8635904
• 负责人: Adeline M Nyamathi
• 金额: $ 18.62万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-01 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8635904
• 关键词: Address; Adherence; Alcohol consumption; Amphetamines; Behavior; California; Caring; Case Manager; Chronic; Client; Communities; County; Crack Cocaine; Crime; Criminal Justice; Depressed mood; Drug usage; Drug user; Enrollment; Feeling; Feeling hopeless; Female; Focus Groups; Foundations; Future; Gender; General Population; HIV Infections; Health; Health Promotion; Health Services Accessibility; Healthcare; Homeless persons; Homelessness; Housing; Imprisonment; Injecting drug user; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Los Angeles; Low Prevalence; Marijuana; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Mentors; Mentorship; Nurses; Occupations; Opiates; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Population; Prevalence; Randomized; Randomized Clinical Trials; Recording of previous events; Recovery; Relapse; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; San Francisco; Sexual Partners; Sexual abuse; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Social Health Services; Testing; Unemployment; United States; Universities; Woman; addiction; base; cohort; coping; design; drug abuse prevention; emotional distress; empowerment; experience; follow-up; high risk; housing instability; improved; innovation; intervention program; male; men; novel; offender; parolee; peer; prevent; probation; probationer; programs; public health relevance; recidivism; reduced alcohol use; reincarceration; role model; self esteem; sex; skills; skills training; social stigma; success; therapy design; treatment program

ABSTRACT In the last decade, the numbers of incarcerated females has tripled, making women the most rapidly growing group of offenders in the United States. When compared to incarcerated males, female offenders have a higher rate of being sentenced for drug crimes; moreover, they are often injection drug users (IDUs), have sexual partners who are IDUs, and are often forced into the sex trade for survival. As many as 50% of female offenders report physical and/or sexual abuse; further, traumatic abuse, chronic emotional distress, and internalized stigma resulting from being a felon and a drug-user, have a profound effect on the women's self-esteem, leading to feelings of hopelessness and depression, delayed recovery and reintegration, increased risky behaviors, and health concerns. Not surprisingly, women who have been incarcerated are nearly twice as likely to experience mental illness compared with non-offending women; further, 44% recidivate within a year due to possession of a controlled substance. In particular, among homeless female offenders (HFOs), both parolees and probationers report ongoing challenges for successful re-entry. These include unstable housing, disorganized lives, unemployment, and limited access to health and social services. While the Los Angeles County Department of Probation has provided guidance for successful programs in its California Blueprint Master Plan for Female Offenders, the suggested strategies of enhancing empowerment, positive coping, and job skills, and providing peer-mentored approaches have not yet been implemented or evaluated. In Phase I of this R34, our team of University of California Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Irvine researchers plan to utilize our successful community participatory approaches to refine a gender-sensitive criminogenic needs - focused intervention program, Female Ex-Offender Mentoring in Care (FEM-CARE), with the help of a community advisory board, composed of HFOs and addiction staff; and finalize strategies which will be validated by focus group sessions with HFOs. In Phase 2, we will randomize 130 HFOs participating in one of two residential drug treatment programs to assess the impact of the FEM-CARE or a Health Promotion control program on reduction of drug and alcohol use and recidivism. This study is based upon our team's history of promoting theoretically-based, culturally- sensitive nurse-led interventions that are enriched with criminal justice theoretical perspectives, and have resulted in significant reductions in drug and alcohol use among homeless persons, many of whom have had a history of incarceration. Our most recent successes in engaging male parolees in nurse-supported peer mentorship, our team's expertise in enhancing stigma reduction among vulnerable women, and our criminal justice experts have informed this study. Finally, recent formative research with HFOs has revealed a desire for peer role models to support and enhance knowledge of and access to healthcare, promote positive coping, stable housing, and job skills, and to reduce stigma and depressed mood; all of these factors can result in novel programs designed to prevent drug and alcohol use and reduce recidivism. This foundation and strong community support garnered has led to the design of our proposed intervention program.

抽象的 在过去的十年中，被监禁的女性数量增加了两倍，使女性成为成长最快的群体 美国的罪犯。与被监禁的男性相比，女性罪犯的存在率更高 判处毒品犯罪；此外，他们通常是注射吸毒者（IDU），有性伴侣是IDU， 并经常被迫进行生存。多达50％的女性罪犯报告了身体和/或性行为 虐待;此外，由重罪和一个重罪犯引起的创伤性虐待，慢性情绪困扰和内在的污名 吸毒者，对妇女的自尊心产生深远影响，导致绝望和沮丧的感觉， 延迟恢复和重新融入，风险行为增加以及健康问题。毫不奇怪，有 与无罪女性相比，被监禁的可能性几乎是精神疾病的两倍。更远， 由于拥有受控物质，有44％的人在一年内累进。特别是无家可归的女性 罪犯（HFOS），假释者和缓刑者都报告了成功重新进入的挑战。这些包括 不稳定的住房，杂乱无章的生活，失业以及对健康和社会服务的机会有限。而Los 安吉尔斯县缓刑部为加利福尼亚蓝图提供了成功计划的指导 女罪犯的总体规划，提高授权，积极应对和工作技能的建议策略， 并且尚未实施或评估提供同行管理的方法。 在R34的第一阶段，我们的加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校，旧金山和尔湾研究人员 计划利用我们成功的社区参与式方法来完善对性别敏感的犯罪需求 - 在社区的帮助下，重点的干预计划，女性前罪犯指导（FEM-CARE） 顾问委员会，由HFO和成瘾人员组成；并最终确定将由焦点小组验证的策略 与HFO的会议。在第2阶段，我们将随机分别参与两种住宅药物治疗之一的HFO 评估女性护理或健康促进控制计划对减少毒品的影响的计划 饮酒和累犯。这项研究基于我们团队促进理论上的，文化的历史 敏感的护士主导的干预措施充满了刑事司法理论观点，并导致了 无家可归者中的毒品和酒精使用大幅减少，其中许多人的历史 监禁。我们最近在与护士支持的同伴指导中吸引男性假释方面取得的成功，我们的团队的 在增强弱势妇女的污名化方面的专业知识，我们的刑事司法专家已经告知了这一点 学习。最后，最近与HFO的形成性研究揭示了对同伴榜样的渴望，以支持和增强 了解和获得医疗保健，促进积极应对，稳定的住房和工作技能，并减少污名 和心情沮丧；所有这些因素都可能导致旨在防止吸毒和饮酒的新型计划 减少累犯。获得的基础和强大的社区支持导致了我们提议的设计 干预计划。