Homeless Female Offenders Returning to the Community: Improving Hopeful Futures

无家可归的女性罪犯重返社区：改善充满希望的未来

• 批准号: 8852106
• 负责人: Adeline M Nyamathi
• 金额: $ 26.63万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-01 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8852106
• 关键词: Address; Adherence; Alcohol consumption; Amphetamines; Behavior; California; Caring; Case Manager; Chronic; Client; Communities; County; Crack Cocaine; Crime; Criminal Justice; Depressed mood; Drug usage; Drug user; Enrollment; Feeling; Feeling hopeless; Female; Focus Groups; Foundations; Future; Gender; General Population; HIV Infections; Health; Health Promotion; Health Services Accessibility; Healthcare; Homeless persons; Homelessness; Housing; Imprisonment; Injecting drug user; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Los Angeles; Low Prevalence; Marijuana; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Mentors; Mentorship; Nurses; Occupations; Opiates; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Population; Prevalence; Randomized; Randomized Clinical Trials; Recording of previous events; Recovery; Relapse; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; San Francisco; Sexual Partners; Sexual abuse; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Social Health Services; Testing; Unemployment; United States; Universities; Woman; addiction; base; cohort; coping; design; drug abuse prevention; emotional distress; empowerment; experience; follow-up; high risk; housing instability; improved; innovation; intervention program; male; men; novel; offender; parolee; peer; prevent; probation; probationer; programs; recidivism; reduced alcohol use; reincarceration; role model; self esteem; sex; skills; skills training; social stigma; success; therapy design; treatment program

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the last decade, the numbers of incarcerated females has tripled, making women the most rapidly growing group of offenders in the United States. When compared to incarcerated males, female offenders have a higher rate of being sentenced for drug crimes; moreover, they are often injection drug users (IDUs), have sexual partners who are IDUs, and are often forced into the sex trade for survival. As many as 50 percent of female offenders report physical and/or sexual abuse; further, traumatic abuse, chronic emotional distress, and internalized stigma resulting from being a felon and a drug-user, have a profound effect on the women's self-esteem, leading to feelings of hopelessness and depression, delayed recovery and reintegration, increased risky behaviors, and health concerns. Not surprisingly, women who have been incarcerated are nearly twice as likely to experience mental illness compared with non-offending women; further, 44 percent recidivate within a year due to possession of a controlled substance. In particular, among homeless female offenders (HFOs), both parolees and probationers report ongoing challenges for successful re-entry. These include unstable housing, disorganized lives, unemployment, and limited access to health and social services. While the Los Angeles County Department of Probation has provided guidance for successful programs in its California Blueprint Master Plan for Female Offenders, the suggested strategies of enhancing empowerment, positive coping, and job skills, and providing peer-mentored approaches have not yet been implemented or evaluated. In Phase I of this R34, our team of University of California Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Irvine researchers plan to utilize our successful community participatory approaches to refine a gender-sensitive criminogenic needs - focused intervention program, Female Ex-Offender Mentoring in Care (FEM-CARE), with the help of a community advisory board, composed of HFOs and addiction staff; and finalize strategies which will be validated by focus group sessions with HFOs. In Phase II, we will randomize 130 HFOs participating in one of two residential drug treatment programs to assess the impact of the FEM-CARE or a Health Promotion control program on reduction of drug and alcohol use and recidivism. This study is based upon our team's history of promoting theoretically-based, culturally- sensitive nurse-led interventions that are enriched with criminal justice theoretical perspectives, and have resulted in significant reductions in drug and alcohol use among homeless persons, many of whom have had a history of incarceration. Our most recent successes in engaging male parolees in nurse-supported peer mentorship, our team's expertise in enhancing stigma reduction among vulnerable women, and our criminal justice experts have informed this study. Finally, recent formative research with HFOs has revealed a desire for peer role models to support and enhance knowledge of and access to healthcare, promote positive coping, stable housing, and job skills, and to reduce stigma and depressed mood; all of these factors can result in novel programs designed to prevent drug and alcohol use and reduce recidivism. This foundation and strong community support garnered has led to the design of our proposed intervention program.

描述（由申请人提供）：在过去的十年中，被监禁的女性人数增加了两倍，使妇女成为美国最快的罪犯。与被监禁的男性相比，女性罪犯被判处毒品犯罪的判决率更高。此外，他们通常是注射吸毒者（IDU），有性别伴侣是IDU，并且经常被迫进行生存。多达50％的女性罪犯报告了身体和/或性虐待；此外，由于重罪和吸毒者而引起的创伤性虐待，慢性情绪困扰以及内在的污名对妇女的自尊心产生深远的影响，从而导致了绝望和抑郁症的感觉，延迟康复和重新融入，风险行为增加，并担心健康。毫不奇怪，被监禁的妇女与无罪女性相比几乎是精神疾病的可能性几乎是两倍。此外，由于拥有受控物质，有44％的人在一年内累进。特别是，在无家可归的女性罪犯（HFO）中，假释者和缓刑者都报告了成功重新进入的挑战。这些包括不稳定的住房，杂乱无章的生活，失业以及对健康和社会服务的机会有限。尽管洛杉矶县缓刑部为女性罪犯的加利福尼亚蓝图总体计划提供了成功计划的指导，但提高授权，积极应对和工作技能的建议策略尚未实施或评估同行管理的方法。 在R34的第一阶段，我们的加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校，旧金山和欧文研究人员计划利用我们成功的社区参与式方法来完善对性别敏感的犯罪需求 - 专注的干预计划，女性外犯罪者的护理（FEM-CARE），并在社区咨询委员会中组成了HFOS和HFICTICTY SECTECT和HFICTICTY SECTERT;并最终确定将通过HFO焦点小组会议来验证的策略。在第二阶段，我们将随机分配130个HFO参加两个住宅药物治疗计划之一，以评估女性护理或健康促进控制计划对减少药物和酒精使用和累犯的影响。这项研究基于我们团队促进理论上以文化敏感的护士为主导的干预措施的历史 充满了刑事司法理论观点，并导致无家可归者的毒品和酒精使用大幅减少，其中许多人有监禁病史。我们最近在让男性假释中参与护士支持的同伴指导的成功，我们的团队在增强弱势妇女的污名化方面的专业知识以及我们的刑事司法专家已经为这项研究提供了信息。最后，最近与HFO的形成性研究揭示了对同伴榜样的渴望，以支持和增强对医疗保健的知识和获得的知识，促进积极的应对，稳定的住房和工作技能，并减少污名和沮丧情绪；所有这些因素都可能导致旨在防止吸毒和饮酒并减少累犯的新型计划。获得的基础和强大的社区支持导致了我们建议的干预计划的设计。