Alcohol and Energy Drink Use, Expectancies and Sexual Risk Taking

描述（由申请人提供）：能量饮料（艾德）的使用，特别是与酒精（A艾德）混合时，是一种迅速出现的现象，与饮酒问题和不安全的性活动有关。虽然这些饮料在美国已经广泛使用了十多年，但其使用的参数和影响仍然没有得到充分的研究。虽然一些初步的研究已经检查了艾德和A艾德使用区域方便样本的大学生，很少有人知道全国青少年和年轻人的使用模式。目前的R01应用程序有三个关键目标。首先，我们将收集第一批详细的全国代表性数据，以绘制美国未成年青少年（13 - 17岁）和新兴成年人（18 - 25岁）中艾德和A艾德使用的患病率和人口分布图。将评估性别、种族/民族、年龄、大学入学状况、体育参与和其他关键特征的差异。其次，我们将研究新兴成年人使用AED，AED预期和性风险之间的联系。将评估事件水平和前瞻性相关性。我们将控制人口统计学和人格特征以及其他酒精和/或咖啡因的使用，以检查AED使用对性冒险的独特影响（即，多个和/或临时性伙伴，醉酒时性交，缺乏保护性行为，如使用避孕套）。我们将利用期望理论来测试酒精和咖啡因相互作用的信念是否会调节AED使用和性风险行为之间的关系。第三，我们将测试这些关系中的性别差异。这项研究将招募3,000名美国青年的人口统计学多样化国家概率样本，包括2,000名18 - 25岁的新兴成年人和1,000名13 - 17岁的未成年人。六波关于艾德和A艾德使用、酒精使用和性冒险的网络调查数据将以三个月的间隔从新兴的成年参与者中收集。未成年青少年将仅在Wave 1中完成一项关于艾德和A艾德使用的敏感度较低的调查。通过提供详细解决这些问题的第一个国家数据，研究将提供一个理论上连贯和经验上合理的基础 了解新生艾德/A艾德现象与青少年和年轻成人健康之间的复杂关系。研究结果旨在将艾德和A艾德的使用定位在更广泛的健康风险行为模式中，并为未来制定更有效的筛查、干预和监管策略以减少与AED相关的风险性活动提供信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Energy drink (ED) use, particularly when mixed with alcohol (AED), is a rapidly emerging phenomenon that has been linked with both problem drinking and unsafe sexual activity. Although these drinks have been widely available in the United States for more than a decade, the parameters and implications of their use remain significantly understudied. While a few preliminary studies have examined ED and AED use in regional convenience samples of college students, little is known about patterns of use among adolescents and young adults nationwide. The present R01 application has three key objectives. First, we will collect the first detailed, nationally representative data to map the prevalence and demographic distribution of ED and AED use in U.S. minor adolescents (aged 13-17) and emerging adults (aged 18-25). Variations across gender, race/ethnicity, age, college enrollment status, sports involvement, and other key characteristics will be assessed. Second, we will examine links among AED use, AED expectancies, and sexual risk-taking in emerging adults. Both event- level and prospective associations will be assessed. We will control for demographic and personality characteristics as well as other alcohol and/or caffeine use, in order to examine the unique effects of AED use on sexual risk-taking (i.e., multiple and/or casual partners, sexual intercourse while intoxicated, and lack of protective behaviors like condom use). We will draw on expectancy theory to test whether beliefs about the interaction of alcohol and caffeine moderate the relationships between AED use and sexual risk behaviors. Third, we will test for gender differences in these relationships. The proposed study will recruit demographically diverse national probability sample of 3,000 U.S. youth, including 2,000 emerging adults aged 18-25 and 1,000 minor adolescents aged 13-17. Six waves of web survey data on ED and AED use, alcohol use, and sexual risk-taking will be collected at three-month intervals from the emerging adult participants. Minor adolescents will complete a less-sensitive survey on ED and AED use in Wave 1 only. By providing the first national data addressing these questions in detail, the research will provide a theoretically coherent and empirically sound basis for understanding the complex relationships between the nascent ED/AED phenomenon and adolescent and young adult health. Research findings are intended to locate ED and AED use within a broader pattern of health-risk behavior and to inform the future development of more effective screening, intervention, and regulatory strategies for reducing AED-related risky sexual activity.