Relation to Adoles Binge Brain Beh Supplement

描述(由申请者提供)：这是该项目的第二次也是最后一次提交，该项目旨在通过大脑成像和行为测量来确定大学生酗酒的神经生物学原因和后果。在大学生中，酗酒或在单一场合大量饮酒的情况正在增加，越来越多的学生参与“极端狂欢”，一次饮酒的数量是标准定义的两到三倍。这是令人不安的，因为前额叶皮质(PFC)持续发育到20岁出头的S，而青少年的大脑对酒精的影响特别敏感。众所周知，行为去抑制和奖赏加工缺陷与包括酒精使用障碍(AUDS)在内的一系列精神病理和物质使用障碍的普遍脆弱性有关。两个研究领域的进展为这一项目提供了理论基础。一个是对AUDS的成像研究的增加，表明功能磁共振成像(FMRI)的激活比其他方法提供了更敏感的去抑制和奖赏加工缺陷的分析。第二种是不断增长的神经成像文献，表明前额叶皮质(PFC)自上而下的控制系统从青春期早期到20岁出头线性成熟，而奖赏系统的腹侧纹状体区域在青春期中期成熟。自上而下的PFC网络与皮质下奖励系统的不对称成熟表明，在大学一年级进行评估时，早期的首次饮酒(AFD)和持续的早期暴饮会导致奖励处理和反应抑制网络的异常。相反，在大学入学时开始酗酒将主要影响反应抑制网络，因为奖励系统已经成熟。在接下来的两年里，暴饮暴食将进一步损害患有早期AFD的受试者的两个大脑网络，并可能开始损害大学入学暴饮者的奖励网络。本项目将评估大学生的典型和极端狂欢与大脑功能和结构的测量以及风险决策的测量，以及与AUDS相关的人格心理能力方面的关系。我们将在两个任务中使用功能磁共振成像，这两个任务激活了已被证明与有问题的酒精使用有关的大脑系统。其中一个任务需要行为抑制(Go/NoGo任务)，这是由背外侧PFC介导的。另一项任务允许受试者在功能磁共振扫描期间赚钱，并激活腹侧大脑奖励系统和腹内侧PFC。还将提供一系列关于个性和心理能力的实验室和自我报告测量，并将评估大脑成像和行为测量的相互关系。成像和行为组合将在两年后再次进行，以评估持续暴饮暴食与奖励和反应抑制过程的关系。该项目的长期目标是通过使用与大脑成像识别的异常有关的信息来提高对暴饮暴食的行为干预的有效性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This the second and final submission of a project designed to identify the neurobiological causes and consequences of binge drinking in college students using brain imaging and behavioral measures of disinibition and reward processing. Binge drinking or drinking large amounts of alcohol on a single occasion is increasing in college students and a growing subset of students engage in "extreme bingeing", drinking two or three times more on one occasion than the standard definition of bingeing. This is troubling because the prefrontal cortex (PFC) continues to develop into the early 20's and the adolescent brain is particularly sensitive to the effects of alcohol use.  Aspects of behavioral disinhibition and reward processing deficits are known to be associated with a general vulnerability toward a spectrum of psychopathological and substance use disorders including alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Advances in two areas of research provide the rationale for this project. One is an increase in imaging studies of AUDs indicating that functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activations offer more sensitive assays of disinhibition and reward processing deficits than other measures. The 2nd is growing neuroimaging literature indicating that top-down control systems in prefrontal cortex (PFC) mature linearly from early adolescence into the early twenties whereas ventral striatal areas of the reward system mature in mid-adolescence. Asymmetric maturation of top-down PFC networks vs the subcortical reward system suggests that an early age of first drink (AFD) and continued early bingeing would result in abnormalities in both reward processing- and response inhibition- networks when assessed in the 1st year of college. In contrast, initiation of binge drinking at college entry would predominantly impact the response inhibition network since the reward system is mature. Bingeing throughout the next two years would further impair both brain networks in subjects with an early AFD, and may begin to impair reward networks in college-entry initiates of bingeing.  This project will assess the relationship of typical and extreme bingeing to measures of brain function and structure as well as to measures of risky decision making, and to aspects of personality mental abilities related to AUDS in college students. We will use fMRI during two tasks that activate brain systems that have been shown to be involved in problematic alcohol use. One task requires behavioral inhibition (Go/NoGo task) that is mediated by the dorsolateral PFC. The other task permits subject's to earn money during the fMRI scan and activates ventral brain reward systems and ventromedial PFC. A battery of laboratory and self-report measures of personality and mental abilities will also be given and the inter-relationships of the brain imagin and behavioral measures will be assessed. The imaging and behavioral battery will be administered again after 2 years to assess relationships of continuing bingeing to reward and response inhibition processes. The long-term goal of the project is improved efficacy of behavioral interventions into bingeing by using information concerning abnormalities identified by brain imaging.