Relationship between Increasing Nicotine Cost and Decreasing Nicotine Dose

尼古丁成本增加与尼古丁剂量减少之间的关系

• 批准号: 8716849
• 负责人: Tracy Taylor Smith
• 金额: $ 4.27万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8716849
• 关键词: Address; Behavior; Behavioral; Catheters; Cigarette; Complement; Congresses; Consumption; Data; Dose; Economics; Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act; Hour; Implant; Infusion procedures; Intravenous; Intravenous infusion procedures; Literature; Measures; Nicotine; Oral; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Policies; Price; Psychological reinforcement; Public Health; Rattus; Regulation; Research; Rodent Model; Saccharin; Science; Self Administration; Smoking; Solutions; Students; Techniques; Testing; Tobacco; Tobacco use; United States Food and Drug Administration; authority; cost; drug of abuse; insight; joint function; public health relevance; reinforcer; research study; response; smoking prevalence

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was recently given the authority to regulate the content of nicotine to a "nonaddictive" level, but mor research is needed to evaluate the impact of a nicotine reduction policy on public health. Behavioral economics is an approach that would be beneficial for answering many research questions related to nicotine reduction. Because nicotine is the primary reinforcing component within cigarettes, a reduction in nicotine content may be viewed as an increase in unit price (Unit price=reinforcer cost/reinforcer magnitude), and behavioral economics has shown that consumption of a reinforcer is a function of unit price. Viewing nicotine reduction as an increase in unit price allows for the application of analytic techniques as well as a wealth of existing literature from the field of behavioral economics to the science of nicotine reduction. However, the assumption that consumption is a joint function of reinforcer magnitude and cost has yet to be evaluated for nicotine, making the application of current behavioral economics literature and a behavioral economics approach questionable. The proposed project aims to 1) show that ratio escalation and dose reduction produce equivalent changes in nicotine consumption 2) establish that the two manipulations change consumption of concurrently available reinforcers similarly. Data will be collected using a self- administration paradigm in which rats are implanted with catheters and allowed to make a response to obtain an intravenous infusion of nicotine. Cost is manipulated using the number of responses required for an infusion. 1) Consumption will be measured across six unit prices by manipulating cost using two different nicotine doses and by manipulating dose using two different costs. At the unit price that appears to create the most variability, consumption will be measured across 10 cost/dose combinations. The results will then be extended to a paradigm in which rats have the opportunity to respond for nicotine during an extended 22-hour session. 2) Unit price will be manipulated by both escalating cost and decreasing dose with the dependent variable being consumption of a second, concurrently available reinforcer. Two alternative reinforcers will be tested: oral nicotine and saccharin solution. This project will be the first to determine whether decreasing nicotine dose is likely to function similarly as increasing nicotine cost. If the two manipulations are equivalent, a behavioral economics approach to nicotine reduction may be applicable, which could help address many important questions related to nicotine reduction. Collectively, these students may provide insight regarding strategies for reducing smoking and overall tobacco use.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）最近被授权将尼古丁的含量调节到“非成瘾”水平，但需要莫尔的研究来评估尼古丁减少政策对公共健康的影响。行为经济学是一种方法，将有助于回答许多与尼古丁减少有关的研究问题。因为尼古丁是香烟中的主要增强成分，所以尼古丁含量的降低可被视为单位价格（Unit 价格=消费者成本/消费者数量），行为经济学表明消费者的消费是单位价格的函数。将尼古丁减少视为单位价格的增加允许应用分析技术以及从行为经济学领域到尼古丁减少科学的大量现有文献。然而，尚未对尼古丁的消费量是尼古丁用量和成本的联合函数这一假设进行评估，这使得当前行为经济学文献和行为经济学方法的应用受到质疑。拟议项目旨在：1）证明比例递增和剂量降低对尼古丁消耗量产生等效变化; 2）确定这两种操作对同时可用的尼古丁消耗量的变化相似。将使用自我给药模式收集数据，在该模式中，大鼠植入导管，并允许其做出反应以获得尼古丁的静脉输注。使用输注所需的响应数量来操纵成本。1)通过使用两种不同的尼古丁剂量操纵成本和使用两种不同成本操纵剂量，将在六种单位价格下测量消耗量。在似乎产生最大变异性的单位价格下，将在10种成本/剂量组合中测量消耗量。然后将结果扩展到一个范例，其中大鼠有机会在延长的22小时期间对尼古丁做出反应。2)单位价格将受到成本上升和剂量下降的操纵，因变量是第二种同时可用的替代品的消耗量。将测试两种替代的尼古丁：口服尼古丁和糖精溶液。该项目将是第一个确定减少尼古丁剂量是否可能 与增加尼古丁成本的作用类似。如果这两种操作是等效的，那么尼古丁减少的行为经济学方法可能是适用的，这可能有助于解决与尼古丁减少相关的许多重要问题。总的来说，这些学生可以提供有关减少吸烟和整体烟草使用的策略的见解。