Relationship between Increasing Nicotine Cost and Decreasing Nicotine Dose

尼古丁成本增加与尼古丁剂量减少之间的关系

• 批准号: 8716849
• 负责人: Tracy Taylor Smith
• 金额: $ 4.27万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8716849
• 关键词: Address; Behavior; Behavioral; Catheters; Cigarette; Complement; Congresses; Consumption; Data; Dose; Economics; Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act; Hour; Implant; Infusion procedures; Intravenous; Intravenous infusion procedures; Literature; Measures; Nicotine; Oral; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Policies; Price; Psychological reinforcement; Public Health; Rattus; Regulation; Research; Rodent Model; Saccharin; Science; Self Administration; Smoking; Solutions; Students; Techniques; Testing; Tobacco; Tobacco use; United States Food and Drug Administration; authority; cost; drug of abuse; insight; joint function; public health relevance; reinforcer; research study; response; smoking prevalence

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was recently given the authority to regulate the content of nicotine to a "nonaddictive" level, but mor research is needed to evaluate the impact of a nicotine reduction policy on public health. Behavioral economics is an approach that would be beneficial for answering many research questions related to nicotine reduction. Because nicotine is the primary reinforcing component within cigarettes, a reduction in nicotine content may be viewed as an increase in unit price (Unit price=reinforcer cost/reinforcer magnitude), and behavioral economics has shown that consumption of a reinforcer is a function of unit price. Viewing nicotine reduction as an increase in unit price allows for the application of analytic techniques as well as a wealth of existing literature from the field of behavioral economics to the science of nicotine reduction. However, the assumption that consumption is a joint function of reinforcer magnitude and cost has yet to be evaluated for nicotine, making the application of current behavioral economics literature and a behavioral economics approach questionable. The proposed project aims to 1) show that ratio escalation and dose reduction produce equivalent changes in nicotine consumption 2) establish that the two manipulations change consumption of concurrently available reinforcers similarly. Data will be collected using a self- administration paradigm in which rats are implanted with catheters and allowed to make a response to obtain an intravenous infusion of nicotine. Cost is manipulated using the number of responses required for an infusion. 1) Consumption will be measured across six unit prices by manipulating cost using two different nicotine doses and by manipulating dose using two different costs. At the unit price that appears to create the most variability, consumption will be measured across 10 cost/dose combinations. The results will then be extended to a paradigm in which rats have the opportunity to respond for nicotine during an extended 22-hour session. 2) Unit price will be manipulated by both escalating cost and decreasing dose with the dependent variable being consumption of a second, concurrently available reinforcer. Two alternative reinforcers will be tested: oral nicotine and saccharin solution. This project will be the first to determine whether decreasing nicotine dose is likely to function similarly as increasing nicotine cost. If the two manipulations are equivalent, a behavioral economics approach to nicotine reduction may be applicable, which could help address many important questions related to nicotine reduction. Collectively, these students may provide insight regarding strategies for reducing smoking and overall tobacco use.

描述（由申请人提供）：最近授予食品药品监督管理局（FDA）调节尼古丁对“非副词”水平的含量，但是需要进行MOR研究来评估尼古丁减少政策对公共卫生的影响。行为经济学是一种有益于回答与尼古丁减少有关的许多研究问题的方法。由于尼古丁是香烟中的主要加固成分，因此尼古丁含量的减少可能被视为单价上涨（单位 价格=增强剂成本/增强量级），行为经济学表明，消耗增强剂是单位价格的函数。将尼古丁的减少视为单价上涨，可以应用分析技术以及从行为经济学领域到尼古丁降低科学的大量现有文献。但是，消费是增强量和成本的共同功能的假设尚未评估尼古丁，这使得当前的行为经济学文献的应用和行为经济学的应用可疑。拟议的项目的目的是1）表明，比例升级和减少剂量在尼古丁消耗中产生同等变化2）确定这两种操纵的同时可获得的增强剂的消耗类似。数据将使用自助给药范式收集，其中大鼠植入导管，并允许反应以获得静脉注射尼古丁。使用输注所需的响应数量来操纵成本。 1）将使用两种不同的尼古丁剂量来操纵成本，并使用两种不同的成本来操纵剂量，从而在六个单位价格上衡量消费。以似乎创造最大可变性的单位价格，将在10个成本/剂量组合中衡量消费。然后，结果将扩展到一个范式，在该范式中，大鼠有机会在延长的22小时会议上为尼古丁做出反应。 2）单位价格将通过不断升级的成本和降低剂量来操纵，而因变量是消耗第二秒，同时可用的增强器。将测试两个替代增强剂：口服尼古丁和糖精溶液。该项目将是第一个确定尼古丁剂量是否可能降低的项目 功能与尼古丁成本的增加相似。如果这两种操作是等效的，则可能适用于减少尼古丁的行为经济学方法，这可以帮助解决与尼古丁减少有关的许多重要问题。总的来说，这些学生可以提供有关减少吸烟和整体烟草使用的策略的见解。