Measuring Kinship Support for Children of Single Mothers in Nairobi Kenya

衡量肯尼亚内罗毕单亲母亲子女的亲属支持

• 批准号: 8770564
• 负责人: Sangeetha Madhavan
• 金额: $ 17.22万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-15 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8770564
• 关键词: Accounting; Adult; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Age; Area; Biological; Buffers; Caregivers; Cellular Phone; Cessation of life; Child; Child Mortality; Child Rearing; Child Support; Child Welfare; Child health care; Childbirth; Communities; Country; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Data Reporting; Demographic and Health Surveys; Demography; Dimensions; Disadvantaged; Economics; Emotional; Environment; Family; Fathers; Female; Financial cost; Goals; Health; Health Status; Health care facility; Household; Housing; Interview; Investments; Kenya; Kinship Networks; Left; Life; Light; Location; Low income; Marriage; Measures; Methods; Mothers; Nomads; Nutritional; Outcome; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Pilot Projects; Population; Poverty; Process; Reliance; Reporting; Resources; Rest; Risk; Role; Sampling; Sanitation; Site; Slum; Structure; Surveys; System; Testing; Time; Trees; Unemployment; Unmarried Mother; Urbanization; Ursidae Family; Validation; Variant; Woman; Women' s Role; aged; design; follow-up; innovation; instrument; migration; mortality; novel; public health relevance; rural-urban migration

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of this study is to pilot and assess the feasibility of a new survey instrument to collect data on kinship support for young children of single mothers living in the slums of Nairobi, Kenya. These children are disadvantaged by their precarious environment, characterised by lack of sanitation, limited health care facilities, congested and low-quality housing, and wide-spread unemployment and poverty. Children born in the slums of Nairobi are significantly more likely to die than children in the rest of Kenya. Moreover, high rates of premarital childbirth, union dissolution, and adult mortality result in a large proportion of children who are raised by single mothers. As in most African contexts, however, these single mothers are assumed to receive considerable economic support and childcare assistance from their residential and non-residential extended kin. However, kinship support is potentially declining due to three processes under way in many African contexts: 1) increased distance between children and extended kin due to high rates of female migration, particularly to informal settlements in urban locations; 2) pervasive poverty which limits the ability of kin to provide support; and 3) transformation of views on marriage, women's roles, and family norms, with a greater reliance on conjugal bonds than kinship ties. As a result, we hypothesize that there might be enormous variation in the type and amount of kinship support that children of poor, urban, single mothers receive which, in turn, could put their health and well-being at risk. This hypothesis and the mechanisms underlying it have not been tested because of inadequate data collection instruments. Thus, we have three primary objectives in this project. First is to pilot a new survey instrument - the kinship support tree (KST) - to collet data on kinship networks and support in three domain: emotional closeness, childcare provision and economic support and record multiple indicators of geographic proximity to non-residential kin on approximately 500 children under the age of five at two points in time. Second is to assess feasibility of administering this instrument at multiple time points in a highly mobile population. Key markers for assessing feasibility of administering this instrument include: 1) time investment; 2) financial cost; 3) ease of administration; and 4) attrition. Third, is to assess reliability of the data collected and conduct exploratory analysis of the data. Multiple and repeated measures of both kinship support and geo-spatial data will be collected to assess reliability. Exploratory analysis will correlate our three indicators of support with selected geo-spatial measures and examine how support varies over time. By developing a new method of data collection, we will not only significantly advance our understanding of the amount and type of kinship support available to single mothers living in disadvantaged contexts in sub-Saharan Africa, but also make innovative contributions to the broader field of family demography and child well-being.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项研究的目的是试行和评估一种新调查工具的可行性，以收集有关居住在肯尼亚内罗毕贫民窟的单身母亲的亲属支持数据的数据。这些孩子因其不稳定的环境而处于不利地位，其特征是缺乏卫生设施，有限的医疗机构，拥挤和低质量的住房以及广泛的失业和贫困。内罗毕贫民窟出生的孩子比肯尼亚其他地区的孩子更有可能死亡。此外，婚前分娩，工会解散和成人死亡率的高率导致很大一部分由单身母亲抚养的儿童。然而，与大多数非洲背景一样，假定这些单身母亲可以从住宅和非住宅扩展的亲戚那里获得大量的经济支持和育儿援助。但是，由于在许多非洲情况下正在进行的三个过程中，亲属支持可能正在下降：1）由于女性移民率高，尤其是由于城市地点的非正式定居点，儿童之间的距离和扩展的亲属增加； 2）普遍的贫困，限制了亲属提供支持的能力； 3）对婚姻，妇女角色和家庭规范的看法转变，比亲属关系更依赖夫妻纽带。结果，我们假设，贫穷，城市，单身母亲所收到的亲属关系的类型和亲属关系的类型和数量可能存在巨大差异，这反过来又可能使他们的健康和福祉处于危险之中。由于数据收集工具不足，该假设及其背后的机制尚未进行测试。因此，我们在这个项目中有三个主要目标。首先是试行一种新的调查工具 - 亲属支持树（KST） - 在三个领域中收集有关亲属网络的数据，并在三个领域的支持：情感亲密关系，育儿提供和经济支持，并记录与大约500名儿童在两个时间以下的500个儿童的地理位置邻近度的多个指标。其次是评估在高度移动人群中多个时间点管理该工具的可行性。评估管理此工具可行性的关键标记包括：1）时间 投资; 2）财务成本； 3）易于管理； 4）损耗。第三是评估收集的数据的可靠性并对数据进行探索性分析。将收集多个亲属支持和地理空间数据的多次和重复测量，以评估可靠性。探索性分析将使我们的三个支持指标与选定的地理空间措施相关联，并检查支持如何随时间变化。通过开发一种新的数据收集方法，我们不仅会显着提高我们对居住在撒哈拉以南非洲处于不利环境中的单身母亲可获得的亲属支持数量和类型的理解，而且还为家庭人口统计学和儿童福祉的更广泛领域做出了创新的贡献。