Measuring Kinship Support for Children of Single Mothers in Nairobi Kenya

衡量肯尼亚内罗毕单亲母亲子女的亲属支持

• 批准号: 8770564
• 负责人: Sangeetha Madhavan
• 金额: $ 17.22万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-15 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8770564
• 关键词: Accounting; Adult; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Age; Area; Biological; Buffers; Caregivers; Cellular Phone; Cessation of life; Child; Child Mortality; Child Rearing; Child Support; Child Welfare; Child health care; Childbirth; Communities; Country; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Data Reporting; Demographic and Health Surveys; Demography; Dimensions; Disadvantaged; Economics; Emotional; Environment; Family; Fathers; Female; Financial cost; Goals; Health; Health Status; Health care facility; Household; Housing; Interview; Investments; Kenya; Kinship Networks; Left; Life; Light; Location; Low income; Marriage; Measures; Methods; Mothers; Nomads; Nutritional; Outcome; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Pilot Projects; Population; Poverty; Process; Reliance; Reporting; Resources; Rest; Risk; Role; Sampling; Sanitation; Site; Slum; Structure; Surveys; System; Testing; Time; Trees; Unemployment; Unmarried Mother; Urbanization; Ursidae Family; Validation; Variant; Woman; Women' s Role; aged; design; follow-up; innovation; instrument; migration; mortality; novel; public health relevance; rural-urban migration

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of this study is to pilot and assess the feasibility of a new survey instrument to collect data on kinship support for young children of single mothers living in the slums of Nairobi, Kenya. These children are disadvantaged by their precarious environment, characterised by lack of sanitation, limited health care facilities, congested and low-quality housing, and wide-spread unemployment and poverty. Children born in the slums of Nairobi are significantly more likely to die than children in the rest of Kenya. Moreover, high rates of premarital childbirth, union dissolution, and adult mortality result in a large proportion of children who are raised by single mothers. As in most African contexts, however, these single mothers are assumed to receive considerable economic support and childcare assistance from their residential and non-residential extended kin. However, kinship support is potentially declining due to three processes under way in many African contexts: 1) increased distance between children and extended kin due to high rates of female migration, particularly to informal settlements in urban locations; 2) pervasive poverty which limits the ability of kin to provide support; and 3) transformation of views on marriage, women's roles, and family norms, with a greater reliance on conjugal bonds than kinship ties. As a result, we hypothesize that there might be enormous variation in the type and amount of kinship support that children of poor, urban, single mothers receive which, in turn, could put their health and well-being at risk. This hypothesis and the mechanisms underlying it have not been tested because of inadequate data collection instruments. Thus, we have three primary objectives in this project. First is to pilot a new survey instrument - the kinship support tree (KST) - to collet data on kinship networks and support in three domain: emotional closeness, childcare provision and economic support and record multiple indicators of geographic proximity to non-residential kin on approximately 500 children under the age of five at two points in time. Second is to assess feasibility of administering this instrument at multiple time points in a highly mobile population. Key markers for assessing feasibility of administering this instrument include: 1) time investment; 2) financial cost; 3) ease of administration; and 4) attrition. Third, is to assess reliability of the data collected and conduct exploratory analysis of the data. Multiple and repeated measures of both kinship support and geo-spatial data will be collected to assess reliability. Exploratory analysis will correlate our three indicators of support with selected geo-spatial measures and examine how support varies over time. By developing a new method of data collection, we will not only significantly advance our understanding of the amount and type of kinship support available to single mothers living in disadvantaged contexts in sub-Saharan Africa, but also make innovative contributions to the broader field of family demography and child well-being.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究的目的是试点和评估一个新的调查工具的可行性，以收集数据的亲属支持的年幼子女的单身母亲生活在内罗毕，肯尼亚的贫民窟。这些儿童处境不利，因为他们的环境不稳定，其特点是缺乏卫生设施、保健设施有限、住房拥挤和质量低下，以及普遍的失业和贫困。出生在内罗毕贫民窟的儿童比肯尼亚其他地区的儿童死亡的可能性要高得多。此外，婚前生育率、婚姻解体率和成人死亡率高，导致很大比例的儿童由单身母亲抚养。然而，在大多数非洲情况下，这些单身母亲被认为从其居住和非居住的远亲那里得到了大量的经济支持和儿童保育援助。然而，亲属支持可能会减少，这是由于在许多非洲情况下正在发生的三个过程：⑴由于女性移徙率高，特别是移徙到城市地区的非正规定居点，子女与远亲之间的距离增加; ⑵普遍贫困，限制了亲属提供支持的能力;（3）婚姻观念、女性角色和家庭规范的转变，更多地依赖夫妻关系而不是亲属关系。因此，我们假设，贫困、城市、单身母亲的子女获得的亲属支持的类型和数量可能存在巨大差异，这反过来可能会危及他们的健康和福祉。由于数据收集工具不足，这一假设及其背后的机制尚未得到检验。因此，我们在这个项目中有三个主要目标。首先是试行一种新的调查工具----亲属支持树----收集关于亲属网络和三个领域的支持的数据：情感亲密度、提供儿童保育和经济支持，并记录两个时间点约500名五岁以下儿童与非居住亲属地理接近程度的多项指标。其次是评估在高度移动的人群中在多个时间点使用该仪器的可行性。用于评估施用该仪器的可行性的关键标记包括：1）时间 投资; 2）财务成本; 3）易于管理;以及4）自然减员。第三，评估所收集数据的可靠性，并对数据进行探索性分析。将收集对亲属支持和地理空间数据的多重和重复测量，以评估可靠性。探索性分析将把我们的三个支持指标与选定的地理空间措施联系起来，并研究支持如何随着时间的推移而变化。通过开发一种新的数据收集方法，我们不仅将大大提高我们对撒哈拉以南非洲生活在弱势环境中的单身母亲所能获得的亲属支持的数量和类型的理解，而且还将为家庭人口和儿童福祉这一更广泛的领域做出创新性贡献。