Impact of Greenspace Improvement on Physical Activity in a Low Income Community

绿地改善对低收入社区体育活动的影响

• 批准号: 8508210
• 负责人: Tamara Dubowitz
• 金额: $ 63.94万
• 依托单位: RAND CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-11 至 2017-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8508210
• 关键词: Accounting; Active Biological Transport; African American; Behavior; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cognitive; Communities; Control Groups; Crime; Data; Data Collection; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Enrollment; Environment; Experimental Designs; Funding; Future; Health; Health Status; Household; Incidence; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Longitudinal Studies; Low income; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Monitor; Natural experiment; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Patient Self-Report; Pennsylvania; Physical activity; Physical environment; Policies; Public Health; Questionnaires; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Research; Research Infrastructure; Safety; Sampling; Selection Bias; Self Efficacy; Services; Supermarket; Surveys; Time; Training; behavior change; cohesion; cost; cost effective; environmental change; environmental intervention; evidence base; improved; obesity prevention; post intervention; sedentary; social; social norm

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Impact of greenspace improvement on physical activity in a low income community Dubowitz/PI PA-10-027 Regular physical activity (PA) contributes to a variety of positive health outcomes, including the prevention of obesity. Increasing evidence suggests that there are associations between a neighborhood environment conducive to PA (e.g., maintained greenspace) and levels of PA among its residents. However, it is unknown whether self-selection biases account for the associations, or whether geographic accessibility causally leads to greater PA. There have been repeated calls for longitudinal studies that could provide empirical evidence on environmental-level changes and their impact on PA behaviors, to strengthen the evidence base to inform greenspace policies and the use of public funds for environmental interventions, especially in low-income neighborhoods. In the near future, a low-income, predominantly African American neighborhood (the Hill District) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania will undergo a multi-million dollar endeavor to renovate approximately 30 acres of greenspace. This research will capitalize on a rare opportunity to evaluate this large natural experiment by assessing greenspace use and PA before and after renovations as well as changes in physical activity levels as measured by accelerometry among Hill residents relative to residents of Homewood, a demographically similar neighborhood in Pittsburgh that also has very limited greenspace but no immediate plans for renovation. We hypothesize that the greenspace renovations will result in increased PA, including more active transport and utilization of greenspace (i.e., parks, outdoor stairwells, connecting trails). Further, we will examine to the extent to which effects are mediated by social cognitive factors and moderated by perceived accessibility, social cohesion, and safety. We propose three specific aims: Specific Aim 1: Determine the impact of greenspace renovations on PA (e.g., minutes of moderate-to- vigorous PA (MVPA), sedentary behavior, active transport), measured by accelerometry and self-report, before renovations and 12 and 24 months post renovations compared to a matched control group. Specific Aim 2: Examine greenspace utilization for PA before and after renovations through direct observation and user surveys in the intervention and control neighborhoods. Specific Aim 3: Determine to what extent the impact of renovations on PA is: a) mediated by social norms and self-efficacy to engage in PA, and b) moderated by physical proximity to greenspace, perceived accessibility, social cohesion and safety. We will engage a large random sample (n=1320) of households from the Hill District and in Homewood. We will collect individual-level, greenspace utilization, and greenspace user data at baseline, 6-12 months and at 18 - 24 months post- renovations.

描述（由申请人提供）：绿色空间改善对低收入社区身体活动的影响定期的身体活动（PA）有助于各种积极的健康结果，包括预防肥胖。越来越多的证据表明，有利于PA的社区环境（例如，维持绿色空间）与其居民的PA水平之间存在关联。然而，尚不清楚是自我选择偏差导致了这种关联，还是地理可达性导致了更大的PA。人们一再呼吁进行纵向研究，为环境层面的变化及其对PA行为的影响提供经验证据，以加强证据基础，为绿色空间政策和公共资金用于环境干预提供信息，特别是在低收入社区。在不久的将来，宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的一个低收入，主要是非裔美国人社区（希尔区）将进行数百万美元的努力，以修复大约30英亩的绿色空间。这项研究将利用一个难得的机会来评估这一大型自然实验，通过评估绿化空间的使用和改造前后的PA，以及希尔居民相对于霍姆伍德居民的身体活动水平的变化，霍姆伍德是匹兹堡一个人口统计学上相似的社区，也有非常有限的绿化空间，但没有立即的改造计划。我们假设绿地改造将导致PA的增加，包括更积极的交通和绿地的利用（即公园，室外楼梯井，连接小径）。此外，我们将研究影响在多大程度上是由社会认知因素介导的，并受到感知可及性、社会凝聚力和安全性的调节。具体目标1：通过加速度计和自我报告，确定绿色空间改造对PA的影响（例如，中高强度PA （MVPA）分钟数、久坐行为、主动运输），在改造前和改造后12个月和24个月，与匹配的对照组进行比较。具体目标2：通过直接观察和干预和控制社区的用户调查，检查PA改造前后的绿色空间利用情况。具体目标3：确定改造对社区活动的影响程度：a)由参与社区活动的社会规范和自我效能介导，b)由与绿地的物理接近度、感知可达性、社会凝聚力和安全性调节。我们将从希尔区和霍姆伍德抽取大量随机样本（n=1320）。我们将在基线、改造后6-12个月和18 - 24个月收集个人层面的绿地利用率和绿地用户数据。