Does a New Supermarket Improve Dietary Behaviors of Low-income African Americans?

新超市能否改善低收入非裔美国人的饮食行为？

• 批准号: 8451233
• 负责人: Tamara Dubowitz
• 金额: $ 41.43万
• 依托单位: RAND CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-14 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8451233
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; Affect; African American; Area; Attitude; Behavior; Censuses; Chronic Disease; Collection; Communities; Conflict (Psychology); Consumption; Control Groups; Country; Data; Data Collection; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Dietary intake; Eating; Energy Intake; Epidemic; Experimental Designs; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Fiber; Food; Food Packaging; Frequencies; Funding; Health; Health Food; Household; Individual; Intake; Intervention; Interviewer; Investments; Joints; Knowledge; Lead; Literature; Low income; Malignant Neoplasms; Meat; Methods; Minority; Minority Groups; Natural experiment; Neighborhoods; Obesity; Outcome; Overweight; Participant; Pattern; Pennsylvania; Physical environment; Policies; Population; Prevention; Price; Prospective Studies; Publishing; Reporting; Research; Risk Factors; Rural; Seasonal Variations; Services; Social support; Source; Supermarket; Surveys; Testing; Time; Transportation; United Kingdom; United States; combat; cost; design; environmental change; food environment; fruits and vegetables; good diet; improved; obesity risk; post intervention; programs; public health relevance; response; square foot; sweetened beverage

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Does a new supermarket improve dietary behaviors of low-income African Americans? Obesity poses a serious threat to the health of our nation. Two thirds of adults in the United States are either overweight or obese, and low-income and racial/ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected. Poor dietary quality and patterns are key risk factors for obesity, and both diet and obesity are established risk factors for cancer and other chronic diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that modifying the food environment to support healthy eating may have a sustainable population impact on diet and obesity. Yet, environmental approaches are understudied. In 2010, an 8.5 million dollar full-service grocery store, financed with public and private funds, will change the food retail landscape of the Hill District, a collection of contiguous neighborhoods of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. This joint public-private endeavor provides a unique and critically timed opportunity to examine how change in the availability of healthy foods affects food purchasing and dietary intake of residents in a US community. This full-service grocery store will be the first in nearly 30 years for this low-income, predominantly African-American community. The proposed study will capitalize on this natural experiment. Our specific aims are (1) to describe the availability, price, and shelf-space of healthy and less healthy options within food retail venues before and after the introduction of a full-service grocery store; (2) to determine the impact of the introduction of a full-service grocery store on food purchasing behaviors and dietary intake; and (3) to determine the extent to which these associations are modified by access factors (e.g., means of transportation and degree of spatial proximity to the grocery store) and socio-cultural factors (e.g., attitudes toward eating a healthy diet, perceived barriers to eating a healthy diet, and social support for healthy eating). We propose to use a matched quasi-experimental design involving one pre- and two post-"intervention" assessments of 1,000 households in the Hill District and 650 households in matched comparison neighborhood. Using door-to-door surveys, we will collect information on participants' household food purchasing and individual dietary intake. We will also conduct pre- and post- assessments of the food environment in the intervention and comparison neighborhoods. The food environment assessments will document the number and type of food purchasing venues and assess availability, quality, and price of healthy foods in these venues. Collectively, these data will allow us to examine how opening a full-service grocery store in a low-income, predominantly African American neighborhood, affects peoples' diet and food purchasing behaviors in both the short and long term. Our study will fill significant gaps in the literature on environmental determinants of diet and obesity and will help address key policy questions about the effects of the physical environment on these outcomes.

描述（由申请人提供）：一家新超市是否能改善低收入非裔美国人的饮食行为？肥胖对国民健康构成严重威胁。美国有三分之二的成年人超重或肥胖，低收入者和少数族裔受到的影响尤为严重。不良的饮食质量和模式是肥胖的关键风险因素，饮食和肥胖都是癌症和其他慢性疾病的确定风险因素。越来越多的证据表明，改变食品环境以支持健康饮食可能对人口饮食和肥胖产生可持续的影响。然而，环境方法还没有得到充分的研究。2010年，一家耗资850万美元、由公共和私人基金资助的全方位服务杂货店将改变宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡市邻近街区希尔区（Hill District）的食品零售格局。这一公私合营的努力提供了一个独特而关键的时机来研究健康食品的可获得性的变化如何影响美国社区居民的食品购买和饮食摄入。这家提供全方位服务的杂货店将是近30年来这个以非洲裔美国人为主的低收入社区的第一家。拟议中的研究将利用这一自然实验。我们的具体目标是：(1)描述在引入全方位服务杂货店之前和之后，食品零售场所内健康和不健康选择的可用性、价格和货架空间；(2)确定全方位服务杂货店的引入对食品购买行为和膳食摄入量的影响；(3)确定这些关联在多大程度上受到交通因素（如交通工具和与杂货店的空间接近程度）和社会文化因素（如对健康饮食的态度、对健康饮食的感知障碍和对健康饮食的社会支持）的影响。我们建议使用一种匹配的准实验设计，包括对希尔地区的1000户家庭和匹配的比较社区的650户家庭进行一次“干预”前和两次“干预”后评估。通过挨家挨户的调查，我们将收集参与者的家庭食品购买和个人饮食摄入信息。我们还将对干预和比较社区的食物环境进行前后评估。食品环境评估将记录食品采购场所的数量和类型，并评估这些场所健康食品的可得性、质量和价格。总的来说，这些数据将使我们能够研究在低收入，主要是非裔美国人社区开设全方位服务的杂货店如何影响人们的饮食和短期和长期的食品购买行为。我们的研究将填补文献中关于饮食和肥胖的环境决定因素的重大空白，并将有助于解决有关物理环境对这些结果的影响的关键政策问题。