Impact of Greenspace Improvement on Physical Activity in a Low Income Community

绿地改善对低收入社区体育活动的影响

• 批准号: 8658050
• 负责人: Tamara Dubowitz
• 金额: $ 55.99万
• 依托单位: RAND CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-11 至 2017-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8658050
• 关键词: Accounting; Active Biological Transport; African American; Behavior; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cognitive; Communities; Control Groups; Crime; Data; Data Collection; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Enrollment; Environment; Experimental Designs; Funding; Future; Health; Health Status; Household; Incidence; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Longitudinal Studies; Low income; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Monitor; Natural experiment; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Patient Self-Report; Pennsylvania; Physical activity; Physical environment; Policies; Public Health; Questionnaires; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Research; Research Infrastructure; Safety; Sampling; Selection Bias; Self Efficacy; Services; Supermarket; Surveys; Time; Training; behavior change; cohesion; cost; cost effective; environmental change; environmental intervention; evidence base; improved; obesity prevention; post intervention; sedentary; social; social norm

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Impact of greenspace improvement on physical activity in a low income community Dubowitz/PI PA-10-027 Regular physical activity (PA) contributes to a variety of positive health outcomes, including the prevention of obesity. Increasing evidence suggests that there are associations between a neighborhood environment conducive to PA (e.g., maintained greenspace) and levels of PA among its residents. However, it is unknown whether self-selection biases account for the associations, or whether geographic accessibility causally leads to greater PA. There have been repeated calls for longitudinal studies that could provide empirical evidence on environmental-level changes and their impact on PA behaviors, to strengthen the evidence base to inform greenspace policies and the use of public funds for environmental interventions, especially in low-income neighborhoods. In the near future, a low-income, predominantly African American neighborhood (the Hill District) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania will undergo a multi-million dollar endeavor to renovate approximately 30 acres of greenspace. This research will capitalize on a rare opportunity to evaluate this large natural experiment by assessing greenspace use and PA before and after renovations as well as changes in physical activity levels as measured by accelerometry among Hill residents relative to residents of Homewood, a demographically similar neighborhood in Pittsburgh that also has very limited greenspace but no immediate plans for renovation. We hypothesize that the greenspace renovations will result in increased PA, including more active transport and utilization of greenspace (i.e., parks, outdoor stairwells, connecting trails). Further, we will examine to the extent to which effects are mediated by social cognitive factors and moderated by perceived accessibility, social cohesion, and safety. We propose three specific aims: Specific Aim 1: Determine the impact of greenspace renovations on PA (e.g., minutes of moderate-to- vigorous PA (MVPA), sedentary behavior, active transport), measured by accelerometry and self-report, before renovations and 12 and 24 months post renovations compared to a matched control group. Specific Aim 2: Examine greenspace utilization for PA before and after renovations through direct observation and user surveys in the intervention and control neighborhoods. Specific Aim 3: Determine to what extent the impact of renovations on PA is: a) mediated by social norms and self-efficacy to engage in PA, and b) moderated by physical proximity to greenspace, perceived accessibility, social cohesion and safety. We will engage a large random sample (n=1320) of households from the Hill District and in Homewood. We will collect individual-level, greenspace utilization, and greenspace user data at baseline, 6-12 months and at 18 - 24 months post- renovations.

描述（由申请人提供）：绿地改善对低收入社区体育活动的影响Dubowitz/PI PA-10-027定期体育活动（PA）有助于各种积极的健康结果，包括预防肥胖。越来越多的证据表明，有利于PA的邻里环境（例如，保持绿地）和PA水平在其居民。然而，目前尚不清楚是否自我选择的偏见占协会，或是否地理可达性因果关系导致更大的PA。人们一再呼吁进行纵向研究，以提供有关环境水平变化及其对PA行为影响的经验证据，以加强证据基础，为绿地政策和公共资金用于环境干预提供信息，特别是在低收入社区。 在不久的将来，宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的一个低收入，主要是非洲裔美国人的社区（希尔区）将进行数百万美元的奋进，改造大约30英亩的绿地。这项研究将利用一个难得的机会来评估这个大型的自然实验，通过评估绿地使用和PA之前和之后的装修，以及身体活动水平的变化，通过加速度计测量的居民之间的山相对于居民的霍姆伍德，人口统计学上类似的社区在匹兹堡，也有非常有限的绿地，但没有立即计划进行装修。我们假设绿地改造将导致PA增加，包括更积极的交通和绿地利用（即，公园、室外楼梯井、连接小径）。此外，我们将研究在何种程度上的影响是由社会认知因素介导的，并通过感知的可访问性，社会凝聚力和安全性进行调节。我们提出了三个具体目标：具体目标1：确定绿地改造对PA的影响（例如，在翻修前和翻修后12个月和24个月，与匹配的对照组相比，通过加速度计和自我报告测量的中度至剧烈PA（MVPA）分钟、久坐行为、主动运输。具体目标二：通过在干预和控制社区的直接观察和用户调查，检查PA改造前后的绿地利用率。具体目标3：确定在何种程度上的影响，装修对PA是：a）介导的社会规范和自我效能参与PA，和B）调节物理接近绿地，感知可达性，社会凝聚力和安全。我们将从希尔区和霍姆伍德的家庭中随机抽取大量样本（n=1320）。我们将收集个人层面、绿地利用率和绿地使用者在基线、6-12个月和装修后18 - 24个月的数据。