Consistency in Individual Differences in Energy Intake Following Acute Exercise

描述（由申请人提供）：项目摘要/摘要：证据表明，体力活动（PA）可能会降低几种主要癌症的风险。减少癌症发生的一种拟议机制是通过PA对能量平衡的影响，特别是通过产生能量赤字。然而，最近的证据表明，运动对能量平衡的影响存在显着的个体差异，急性研究表明，一些人在运动后显着增加能量摄入（EI），并留下正能量平衡（“补偿者”），而其他人则减少或略微增加EI运动后，并留下能量赤字（“非补偿者”）。运动后的补偿性饮食行为可能会破坏运动对体重控制和癌症预防的有效性。因此，研究人员已经讨论了确定“补偿者”和“非补偿者”的行为表型的重要性，并且已经开始朝着这个方向努力。然而，对这一未来研究路径的一个担忧是，我们目前不知道个人对运动的EI反应是否随时间而一致。也就是说，运动后吃得更多的人在运动后总是吃得更多吗？因此，本研究的主要目的是确定一个人对运动的急性EI反应是否随着时间的推移而一致。我们建议检查30名超重/肥胖女性，每个人将参加3对测试会话，每对测试会话包括锻炼（30分钟的中等强度步行）和休息（坐着30分钟）测试日，间隔48-96小时。将使用运动/休息后1小时提供的自由进食自助餐测量能量摄入。在完成3对测试会话中的每一对之后，将计算每对的EI平均差异（EIdiff = EIex-EIrest），并使用组内相关性检查EIdiff是否随时间推移在个体内一致。检查急性EI对运动的反应的一致性可以帮助形成下一系列关于运动对能量平衡影响的研究。如果我们的假设得到支持，并且一个人对运动的急性EI反应是一致的，我们就可以开始检查一个重要的临床问题，即个体对慢性运动的反应（即，体重减轻对体重增加）可以从来自1对测试期的EI响应预测。也就是说，如果一个人体重增加， 在运动训练中，这是由于在运动回合后EI急剧重复增加所致吗？ 此外，未来的研究可能会开始检查是否有生理，行为和认知因素，预测一个人是否会增加或减少运动后的EI。或者，如果我们的假设不被支持，我们的研究结果可以用来支持更大的研究，这些研究检查参与者对锻炼的反应是否存在差异（例如，影响、饥饿、疲劳等的变化）导致运动后EI升高或降低。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Summary/Abstract: Evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) may reduce the risk of several major forms of cancer. One proposed mechanism for this reduction in cancer occurrence is through the effect of PA on energy balance, specifically by creating an energy deficit. However, recent evidence suggests that there is marked individual variability in the effect of exercise on energy balance with acute studies demonstrating that some individuals significantly increase their energy intake (EI) post-exercise and are left with a positive energy balance ("compensators") while others decrease or slightly increase EI post-exercise and are left with an energy deficit ("non-compensators"). Engaging in compensatory eating behaviors following exercise could undermine the effectiveness of exercise for weight control and cancer prevention. Consequently, investigators have discussed the importance of determining the behavioral phenotype of "compensators" and "non-compensators" and efforts have already begun in this direction. However, one concern with this future research path is that we currently do not know whether an individual's EI response to exercise is consistent over time. That is, does someone who eats significantly more after exercise always eat that much more after an exercise bout? Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to determine whether one's acute EI response to exercise is consistent over time. We propose to examine 30 overweight/obese women, each of whom will participate in 3 pairs of testing sessions, with each pair consisting of an exercise (30 minutes of moderate-intensity walking) and resting (seated for 30 minutes) testing day, separated by 48-96 hours. Energy intake will be measured using an ad-libitum buffet meal served 1 hour post-exercise/rest. Following the completion of each of the 3 pairs of testing sessions, the mean difference in EI (EIdiff = EIex - EIrest) from each pair will be calculated and an intraclass correlation will be usd to examine whether the EIdiff is consistent within individuals over time. The examination of the consistency in acute EI responses to exercise can help shape the next series of studies on the effect of exercise on energy balance. If our hypothesis is supported and one's acute EI response to exercise is consistent, we can begin to examine the important clinical question of whether individual responses to chronic exercise (i.e., weight loss vs. weight gain) can be predicted from EI responses from 1 pair of testing sessions. That is, if an individual gains weight with exercise training, is this due to repeated increases in EI acutely following an exercise bout? In addition, future studies could begin to examine whether there are physiological, behavioral, and cognitive factors that predict whether an individual will increase or decrease EI post-exercise. Alternately, if our hypothesis is not supported, findings from our study can be used to power larger studies which examine whether differences in participants' responses to an exercise session (e.g., changes in affect, hunger, fatigue, etc.) contribute to higher or lower EI post-exercise.