Tobacco Companies, Global Governance and Public Health

烟草公司、全球治理和公共卫生

• 批准号: 8528459
• 负责人: Anna B Gilmore
• 金额: $ 39.45万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF BATH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-15 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8528459
• 关键词: Address; Agreement; American; Arbitration; Bilateral; British; Carcinogens; Case Study; Cessation of life; Commercial Sectors; Conflict (Psychology); Country; Development; Discipline; Disputes; Documentation; Economics; Epidemic; Face; Family; Future; Geographic Locations; Harm Reduction; Health; Health Policy; Income; Indonesia; Industry; International; Link; Modeling; Nature; Policies; Policy Developments; Price; Procedures; Process; Public Health; Regulation; Research; Research Infrastructure; Risk; Sales; Shapes; Smoking Prevention; Structure; Taxes; Taxonomy; Tobacco; Tobacco Industry; Tobacco use; Treaty; United States; Variant; Work; World Health Organization; base; cigarette smoking; civil society; design; global health; innovation; interest; mortality; pandemic disease; preconditioning; programs; public health priorities; public policy on tobacco; response; tobacco control; trend; vector

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Tobacco use is one of the strongest cancer-causing agents, and cigarette smoking remains the leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States. Tobacco use is also the world's leading cause of preventable death, with global mortality projected to rise from 5.4 million in 2005 to 8.3 million in 2030. This challenge has stimulated a substantial and innovative public health response, both at state and federal level and increasingly internationally. Notwithstanding such progress, developments in the global political economy, including in trade and global governance, continue to generate challenges for public health. Agreements designed to promote trade, the practices of international finance organizations and broader trends in national and supranational governance can each conflict with public health priorities. This is evident in the arbitration claim recently brought to the World Trade Organization (WTO) by Indonesia against Section 907 of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. Such conflicts have the potential to undermine progress in tobacco control. Tobacco document research (TDR) to date has dramatically increased understanding of industry strategies to undermine specific tobacco control policies, largely at national level. Yet understanding remains limited of how tobacco companies advance their global interests through broader strategies of engagement with trade and governance agendas, including via influence over economic and foreign policy, national and supranational regulatory processes, international organizations, and through working with other industries. Analysis of such strategies is a precondition for fully understanding the nature and extent of tobacco industry influence and for promoting policy coherence between global health concerns and trade, foreign policy and development agendas. Furthermore, the US and many other countries that have implemented wide-ranging tobacco control programs still face considerable difficulties in controlling their tobacco epidemics. Research that addresses ongoing developments in tobacco industry structure and tactics is, therefore, increasingly required to inform more innovative policy developments that will be essential to effectively addressing tobacco use in the future. This proposed project aims to: 1. Contribute to the methodological development of document-based research, examine continuity and change in corporate strategy, and develop a taxonomy of tobacco industry strategies to shape policy. 2. Examine the implications of trade agreements for tobacco control and global health. 3. Analyze the health implications for tobacco control of industry efforts to introduce wide ranging regulatory reforms and to influence non-governmental organizations and examine broader engagement in global health initiatives.

描述（由申请人提供）：烟草使用是最强的致癌物质之一，吸烟仍然是美国可预防死亡的主要原因。烟草使用也是世界上可预防死亡的主要原因，预计全球死亡率将从 2005 年的 540 万人上升到 2030 年的 830 万人。这一挑战刺激了州和联邦层面以及越来越多的国际层面采取实质性和创新性的公共卫生应对措施。尽管取得了这些进展，但全球政治经济的发展，包括贸易和全球治理的发展，继续给公共卫生带来挑战。旨在促进贸易的协议、国际金融组织的做法以及国家和超国家治理的更广泛趋势都可能与公共卫生优先事项发生冲突。印度尼西亚最近针对《家庭吸烟预防和烟草控制法》第 907 条向世界贸易组织 (WTO) 提起的仲裁索赔就体现了这一点。此类冲突有可能破坏烟草控制方面的进展。迄今为止，烟草文献研究（TDR）极大地增进了对破坏特定烟草控制政策（主要是在国家层面）的行业战略的理解。然而，对于烟草公司如何通过更广泛的参与贸易和治理议程的战略（包括通过影响经济和外交政策、国家和超国家监管流程、国际组织以及通过与其他行业合作）来促进其全球利益的了解仍然有限。对此类战略的分析是充分了解烟草业影响的性质和程度以及促进全球健康问题与贸易、外交政策和发展议程之间政策一致性的先决条件。此外，美国和许多其他实施了广泛烟草控制计划的国家在控制烟草流行方面仍然面临相当大的困难。因此，越来越需要针对烟草行业结构和策略的持续发展进行研究，以便为更具创新性的政策发展提供信息，这对于未来有效解决烟草使用问题至关重要。该拟议项目旨在： 1. 促进基于文献的研究方法的发展，检查公司战略的连续性和变化，并制定烟草业战略分类法以制定政策。 2. 审查贸易协定对烟草控制和全球健康的影响。 3. 分析烟草业引入广泛的监管改革和影响非政府组织的努力对烟草控制的健康影响，并审查更广泛地参与全球健康倡议。

项目成果

The Policy Dystopia Model: An Interpretive Analysis of Tobacco Industry Political Activity.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002125
• 发表时间: 2016-09
• 期刊: PLoS medicine
• 影响因子: 15.8
• 作者: Ulucanlar S;Fooks GJ;Gilmore AB
• 通讯作者: Gilmore AB

Standardised tobacco packaging: a health policy case study of corporate conflict expansion and adaptation.

• DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012634
• 发表时间: 2016-10-07
• 期刊: BMJ open
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Hatchard JL;Fooks GJ;Gilmore AB
• 通讯作者: Gilmore AB

"Trade policy, not morals or health policy": the US Trade Representative, tobacco companies and market liberalization in Thailand.

• DOI: 10.1177/1468018112443686
• 发表时间: 2012-08
• 期刊: Global social policy
• 影响因子: 1.5
• 作者: MacKenzie R;Collin J
• 通讯作者: Collin J

How does the tobacco industry attempt to influence marketing regulations? A systematic review.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087389
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Savell E;Gilmore AB;Fooks G
• 通讯作者: Fooks G

Tobacco Control and Health Advocacy in the European Union: Understanding Effective Coalition-Building.

• DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv016
• 发表时间: 2016-02
• 期刊: Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
• 作者: Weishaar H;Collin J;Amos A
• 通讯作者: Amos A