SP071 function in morphogenesis during spore development

描述（由申请人提供）：本项目的目标是了解细胞膜形态是如何被隔蛋白细胞骨架和脂质成分调节的。为了研究这个问题，我们使用S。酿酒酵母原孢子膜作为模型。在孢子形成过程中，随着原孢子膜的生长，母细胞内产生四个新细胞，以包裹减数分裂的核。最终，原孢子膜将作为孢子壁沉积的模板，其内小叶将成为新的单倍体细胞的质膜。原孢子膜的合成对于酵母形成功能性的、耐环境的孢子是必不可少的。我们的长期目标是了解细胞结构的调节。拟议的研究将有助于我们理解的分子机制，重要的细胞结构（前孢子膜）的形成，重要的酵母的减数分裂产物的完整性和形式。这项提案中的工作将为细胞生物学的基本方面提供见解，这些方面涉及细胞和细胞结构如何获得它们的形状，并且还将有助于我们理解septins，septins是与真菌和动物中发现的膜相关的细丝形成蛋白。在之前的资助期间，Spo 71蛋白被发现对于确定原孢子膜的大小是重要的，并且是沿着原孢子膜沿着适当定位隔蛋白所需的。初步研究表明，SPO71在前孢子膜发育的伸长阶段是重要的。所提出的实验具体研究了septins和septin调节剂在原孢子膜发育中的作用，并研究了膜脂质成分是如何调节和促进原孢子膜形态发生的。这些研究将区分这些蛋白质如何共同调节PSM大小和形状的模型。由于septins是一个进化上保守的蛋白质家族，对各种细胞过程（包括细胞分裂，免疫功能和神经元发育）至关重要，并且由于膜组成对膜形态的影响是细胞生物学中的一个基本问题，因此这些研究的结果应该引起广泛的生物学家的兴趣。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this project is to understand how membrane morphology is regulated by the septin cytoskeleton and by lipid composition. To study this question, we use the S. cerevisiae prospore membrane as a model. During sporulation, four new cells are generated within the mother cell as the prospore membrane grows to encapsulate the meiotic nuclei. Ultimately, the prospore membrane will act as the template for the deposition of the spore wall, and its inner leaflet will become the plasma membrane for the new haploid cells. Synthesis of the prospore membrane is essential for yeast to form functional, environmentally resistant spores. Our long-term goal is to understand the regulation of cellular architecture. The proposed research will contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms important for shaping a cellular structure (the prospore membrane) important for the integrity and form of the yeast's meiotic products. The work in this proposal wil provide insights into fundamental aspects of cell biology concerning how cells and cellular structures acquire their shapes, and will also contribute to our understanding of septins, which are filament- forming proteins associated with membranes found in fungi and animals. In the previous funding period, the Spo71 protein was found to be important for determining the size of the prospore membrane and to be required for proper localization of septins along the prospore membrane. Preliminary studies suggest SPO71 is important in the elongation phase of prospore membrane development. The proposed experiments specifically examine the role of septins and septin regulators in prospore membrane development, and also examine how membrane lipid composition is regulated and contributes to prospore membrane morphogenesis. These studies will distinguish models for how these proteins work together to regulate PSM size and shape. As septins are an evolutionarily conserved protein family vital for a variety of cellular processes (including cell division, immune function, and neuronal development) and because the effect of membrane composition on membrane morphology is a fundamental issue in cell biology, the findings from these proposed studies should be of interest to a wide range of biologists.