Change in social adaptive action and brain connectivity in infants' first 6 months
婴儿出生后 6 个月内社会适应行为和大脑连接的变化
基本信息
- 批准号:8970441
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 19.65万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2015
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2015-06-15 至 2017-02-28
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:AccountingAdultAgeAge-MonthsAmygdaloid structureAnisotropyAnteriorAttentionAutistic DisorderBehaviorBehavioralBirthBrainDataDevelopmentDiagnosisDiffusionDiffusion Magnetic Resonance ImagingExhibitsEyeEye MovementsFaceFusiform gyrusFutureInfantInfant BehaviorInferiorInfluentialsKnowledgeLifeMeasuresMedialMediatingModelingNatureNeonatalParietalPredispositionPrefrontal CortexProcessReflex actionRelative (related person)RestSmilingSocial BehaviorSocial InteractionStructureStructure of superior temporal sulcusSystemTNFRSF5 geneTemporal LobeTimeWorkawakebasecingulate cortexdisabilityexperiencefrontal eye fieldsgazeinfancyinsightneurodevelopmentneuroimagingneuromechanismpositive emotional statepublic health relevancesocialsuperior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina
项目摘要
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The current project will identify maturational changes in the infant brain that accompany important transitions in social behavior in the first 6 months o life. This work is motivated by a surprising feature of a recent study in which we identified the earliest known indicators of social disability in autism (Jones & Klin, Nature, 2013). The data falsified a prior hypothesis by revealing that eye-looking-a basic mechanism of social adaptive action in typical infants-was not immediately diminished in infants with autism; instead, infants with autism exhibited a slight but significant increase in eye-looking at 2 months, which then declined; in contrast, typical infants exhibited a relative low point in eye-looking at 2 months, which then increased. The timing of this difference highlights a narrow developmental window, around month-2, that spans an important period of dynamic transition in typical infants. At approximately 4-6 weeks, reflex-like neonatal predispositions-including among others: non-social, endogenous smiling1, 2; reflexive imitation3-5; and reflexive attention to faces6-decline. This decline is followed by major changes in infant behavior: after month 2, infants begin to engage in contingent social interaction: they increase time spent looking at others' eyes10,11 and produce socially-elicited smiles during interaction with caregivers2,12,13. The neural mechanisms supporting these critical transitions are thought to be a shift from subcortical to cortical control1,6,8,14-16, with initial reflex- like predispositions (subserved by subcortical
structures) declining as cortical control matures. This account appears well-fitted by our eye-tracking data11, and suggests a very specific hypothesis in autism: in infants with autism, reflex-like (subcortically-mediated) orientation to the eyes of others may initially be intact, while the emergence of experience-dependent (cortically-mediated) voluntary eye-looking subsequently fails. Despite the appeal of this proposed model, no studies have prospectively tracked the development of these neural systems and their relationship to unfolding behavior in typical development, a critical step before examining disruptions thereof in autism. In N=50 typical infants we will examine developmental changes in brain connectivity associated with 2 critical transitional behaviors, eye-looking and social-smiling, to identify: (1) brain networks differentialy associated with either decline in reflexive eye-looking or with the emergence of voluntary eye-looking, (2) brain networks differentially associated with either the decline of endogenous, reflexive smiling or with the emergence of socially-elicited smiling, and (3) brain networks common to social adaptive action. Behavioral and neuroimaging measures will be collected longitudinally at 7 and 3 time points, respectively, between birth and 6 months. Brain connectivity will be measured both structurally (as tract- specific diffusion parameters, including
fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), via diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography) and functionally (via measures of resting-state functional connectivity).
描述(由申请人提供):目前的项目将确定在婴儿大脑中的成熟变化,伴随着生命的前6个月的社会行为的重要转变。这项工作的动机是最近一项研究的一个令人惊讶的特征,在这项研究中,我们确定了自闭症中最早的已知社会残疾指标(Jones & Klin,Nature,2013)。这些数据推翻了先前的假设,揭示了眼睛注视-典型婴儿社会适应行为的基本机制-在自闭症婴儿中并没有立即减少;相反,自闭症婴儿在2个月时表现出轻微但显着的眼睛注视增加,然后下降;相比之下,典型婴儿在2个月时表现出相对较低的眼睛注视点,然后增加。 这种差异的时间突出了一个狭窄的发育窗口,大约2个月,跨越了典型婴儿动态过渡的重要时期。在大约4-6周时,反射样新生儿倾向包括:非社会性的内源性微笑1,2;反射性模仿3 -5;和对面部的反射性注意6-下降。这一下降之后是婴儿行为的重大变化:2个月后,婴儿开始参与偶然的社会互动:他们增加了注视他人眼睛的时间10,11,并在与其他人的互动中产生社会性的微笑2,12,13。支持这些关键转变的神经机制被认为是从皮层下到皮层控制的转变1,6,8,14-16,具有初始反射样倾向(由皮层下控制)。
结构)随着皮层控制的成熟而下降。这一解释似乎与我们的眼动追踪数据很好地吻合,并提出了一个非常具体的自闭症假设:在自闭症婴儿中,反射式(皮层下介导的)对他人眼睛的定向最初可能是完整的,而经验依赖性(皮层介导的)自愿眼睛注视的出现随后失败。 尽管这个模型很有吸引力,但还没有研究前瞻性地追踪这些神经系统的发展及其与典型发育中展开行为的关系,这是研究自闭症中神经系统中断之前的关键一步。在N=50个典型的婴儿中,我们将检查与2个关键过渡行为(眼睛注视和社交微笑)相关的大脑连接的发育变化,以确定:(1)大脑网络与反射性眼睛注视的下降或与自愿性眼睛注视的出现有不同的相关性,(2)大脑网络与内源性眼睛注视的下降有不同的相关性,反射性微笑或与社会引发的微笑的出现,和(3)共同的社会适应行动的大脑网络。将分别在出生至6个月之间的7和3个时间点纵向收集行为和神经影像学指标。脑连通性将在结构上(作为束特异性扩散参数,包括
分数各向异性(FA)和平均扩散率(MD),通过扩散张量成像(DTI)和纤维束成像)和功能(通过静息状态功能连接的测量)。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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