Change in social adaptive action and brain connectivity in infants' first 6 months

婴儿出生后 6 个月内社会适应行为和大脑连接的变化

• 批准号: 8970441
• 负责人: XIAOPING P HU
• 金额: $ 19.65万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-06-15 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8970441
• 关键词: Accounting; Adult; Age; Age-Months; Amygdaloid structure; Anisotropy; Anterior; Attention; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Birth; Brain; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Diffusion; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Exhibits; Eye; Eye Movements; Face; Fusiform gyrus; Future; Infant; Infant Behavior; Inferior; Influentials; Knowledge; Life; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Modeling; Nature; Neonatal; Parietal; Predisposition; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Reflex action; Relative (related person); Rest; Smiling; Social Behavior; Social Interaction; Structure; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; System; TNFRSF5 gene; Temporal Lobe; Time; Work; awake; base; cingulate cortex; disability; experience; frontal eye fields; gaze; infancy; insight; neurodevelopment; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; positive emotional state; public health relevance; social; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The current project will identify maturational changes in the infant brain that accompany important transitions in social behavior in the first 6 months o life. This work is motivated by a surprising feature of a recent study in which we identified the earliest known indicators of social disability in autism (Jones & Klin, Nature, 2013). The data falsified a prior hypothesis by revealing that eye-looking-a basic mechanism of social adaptive action in typical infants-was not immediately diminished in infants with autism; instead, infants with autism exhibited a slight but significant increase in eye-looking at 2 months, which then declined; in contrast, typical infants exhibited a relative low point in eye-looking at 2 months, which then increased. The timing of this difference highlights a narrow developmental window, around month-2, that spans an important period of dynamic transition in typical infants. At approximately 4-6 weeks, reflex-like neonatal predispositions-including among others: non-social, endogenous smiling1, 2; reflexive imitation3-5; and reflexive attention to faces6-decline. This decline is followed by major changes in infant behavior: after month 2, infants begin to engage in contingent social interaction: they increase time spent looking at others' eyes10,11 and produce socially-elicited smiles during interaction with caregivers2,12,13. The neural mechanisms supporting these critical transitions are thought to be a shift from subcortical to cortical control1,6,8,14-16, with initial reflex- like predispositions (subserved by subcortical structures) declining as cortical control matures. This account appears well-fitted by our eye-tracking data11, and suggests a very specific hypothesis in autism: in infants with autism, reflex-like (subcortically-mediated) orientation to the eyes of others may initially be intact, while the emergence of experience-dependent (cortically-mediated) voluntary eye-looking subsequently fails. Despite the appeal of this proposed model, no studies have prospectively tracked the development of these neural systems and their relationship to unfolding behavior in typical development, a critical step before examining disruptions thereof in autism. In N=50 typical infants we will examine developmental changes in brain connectivity associated with 2 critical transitional behaviors, eye-looking and social-smiling, to identify: (1) brain networks differentialy associated with either decline in reflexive eye-looking or with the emergence of voluntary eye-looking, (2) brain networks differentially associated with either the decline of endogenous, reflexive smiling or with the emergence of socially-elicited smiling, and (3) brain networks common to social adaptive action. Behavioral and neuroimaging measures will be collected longitudinally at 7 and 3 time points, respectively, between birth and 6 months. Brain connectivity will be measured both structurally (as tract- specific diffusion parameters, including fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), via diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography) and functionally (via measures of resting-state functional connectivity).

 描述（由适用提供）：当前项目将确定婴儿大脑中的成熟变化，以适应前6个月O生活中社会行为的重要过渡。这项工作是由最近的一项研究的惊喜特征激发的，在该研究中，我们确定了自闭症中最早的社会残疾指标（Jones＆Klin，Nature，2013年）。该数据通过揭示了令人眼花and乱的社会适应性作用的基本机制来伪造了先前的假设，而在自闭症婴儿的婴儿中不会立即减少。取而代之的是，自闭症的婴儿在2个月时暴露了眼睛外观的略有但显着增加，然后下降了。相反，典型的婴儿在2个月时暴露了眼睛外观的相对低点，然后增加。这种差异的时机突出了一个狭窄的发育窗口，大约在2个月左右，它涵盖了典型婴儿动态过渡的重要时期。大约4-6周，反射样的新生儿易感性包​​括：非社会，内源性Smile1，2;反射模仿3-5;以及对面对面的反思性关注。这种下降之后是婴儿行为的重大变化：第2个月后，婴儿开始进行社交互动：他们增加了看别人的眼睛10,11的时间，并在与护理人员的互动过程中产生了社交知名的微笑2,12,13。支持这些关键过渡的神经机制被认为是从皮质下到皮质控制的转变1,6,8,14-16，具有初始反射性倾向（通过下皮层供应 结构）以皮质控制成熟而下降。我们的眼睛跟踪数据似乎很适合自闭症：自闭症的婴儿，反射样（皮层介导的）对他人眼睛的方向的非常具体的假设，最初可能是完整的，而经验依赖性（皮质介导的）自愿介导的眼睛外观的出现后，随后是自愿的。尽管出现了这种提出的模型，但没有任何研究前瞻性地跟踪了这些神经元系统的发展及其与典型发展中的行为的关系，这是在检查自闭症中的干扰之前的关键一步。在n = 50个典型婴儿中，我们将检查与2种关键过渡行为相关的大脑连通性变化，眼神和潮湿的社交潮流，以识别：（1）与反射性眼神的下降差异相关的大脑网络，或者与自愿脑部外观的出现或与内在的微笑和（2）与内在的微笑和（2）相关的脑图和（2）脑中的衰落以及（2）与内在的微笑和（2）相关的微笑，以及（2）社会适应性行动共有的网络。行为和神经影像措施将分别在出生和6个月之间的7和3时间点纵向收集。将在结构上测量大脑连接性（作为特异性扩散参数，包括 分数各向异性（FA）和平均差异（MD），通过扩散张量成像（DTI）和拖拉术）和功能（通过静止状态功能连接性的度量）。