Real world biodiesel particulate matter exposure and toxicological responses

现实世界的生物柴油颗粒物暴露和毒理学反应

• 批准号: 8433589
• 负责人: Nora Traviss
• 金额: $ 41.65万
• 依托单位: KEENE STATE COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-10 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8433589
• 关键词: Address; Air; Animals; Area; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Asthma; Biological; Biological Assay; Burn injury; Cardiopulmonary; Cells; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Chemicals; Chemistry; Childhood Asthma; Cities; Collaborations; Data; Data Reporting; Deposition; Diesel Fuels; Environment; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Policy; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epithelial Cells; Equipment; Exposure to; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Health; Health Policy; Human; In Vitro; Inflammatory; Inflammatory Response; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Investigation; Knowledge; Lactate Dehydrogenase; Literature; Lung; Measures; Metals; Methods; Metric; Mission; Morbidity - disease rate; Morphology; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Outcome; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Peer Review; Petroleum; Prevention strategy; Process; Production; Public Health; Publishing; Recycling; Reporting; Research; Research Infrastructure; Respiratory physiology; Risk; Role; Rural; Sampling; Shapes; Site; Source; Students; Surface; Testing; Translating; Transmission Electron Microscopy; Ultrafine; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Vegetable Oils; Work; Workplace; air monitoring; base; college; cytokine; cytotoxicity; exhaust; hazard; human disease; improved; in vitro Assay; mortality; novel; novel strategies; operation; particle; premature; public health relevance; research study; response; soy; trafficking; undergraduate student; urban area; wasting

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Combustion of petroleum diesel fuel is a major source of fine (d 2.5 ¿m) and ultrafine (d 0.1 ¿m) particulate matter (PM) in the environment, with substantial impact on cardiopulmonary mortality and morbidity in the United States. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel from renewable feedstocks that can be immediately substituted in existing diesel engines. Considered by many to be a 'greener' alternative, U.S. biodiesel production reached record volumes of over 900 million gallons in 2011(25). Nevertheless, little is known about the impact of 'real world' biodiesel combustion on important particle characteristics (size, shape, surface area, number and composition) or about the relationship between human health and exposure to biodiesel PM (9,26). The unique collaboration established between the City of Keene, NH and Keene State College (KSC) over the past five years provides a robust infrastructure for undergraduate-based real world exposure studies. The City of Keene has been using biodiesel in their municipal fleet since 2002. Our preliminary and published work have led to the overarching hypothesis that replacing petrodiesel with biodiesel in nonroad engines will cause PM changes with direct relevance to human health. To address this critical issue, three specific aims are proposed, combining: (1) physical characterization of real world PM exposure profiles from nonroad engines, (2) chemical characterization of PM composition for known toxic/inflammatory compounds, and (3) biological characterization of the same PM to assess cellular responses and identify toxic/inflammatory components. Using an array of standard and novel environmental monitoring methods, KSC undergraduates will measure real world PM exposure profiles at a rural recycling site operating construction-type equipment. Equipment will first use commercial petroleum diesel fuel, and switch to a 20% biodiesel/80% petroleum diesel blend. PM samples will be chemically analyzed for toxic species of health concern including PAH's and metals. In a novel approach, the same field collected PM will be used by students for in vitro lung epithelial-cell assays to evaluate toxicological responses. The research outlined in this proposal will provide important information on the benefits and challenges associated with the real world use of biodiesel fuel as an intervention to reduce PM exposure risk from diesel engines, directly addressing NIEHS priorities in understanding the role of environmental exposure in human disease and translating research findings into prevention and intervention strategies to improve public health. This study provides a unique opportunity to engage KSC undergraduates from multiple departments in a cutting- edge, interdisciplinary investigation with direct implications for public health and environmental policy.

描述（由申请人提供）：石油柴油燃料的燃烧是环境中细颗粒物（d 2.5 µm）和超细颗粒物（d 0.1 µm）的主要来源，对美国的心肺死亡率和发病率有重大影响。生物柴油是一种来自可再生原料的替代燃料，可以立即替代现有的柴油发动机。美国生物柴油产量在 2011 年达到创纪录的超过 9 亿加仑(25)，被许多人认为是一种“绿色”替代品。然而，人们对“现实世界”生物柴油燃烧对重要颗粒特征（尺寸、形状、表面积、数量和成分）的影响或人类健康与生物柴油 PM 暴露之间的关系知之甚少 (9,26)。新罕布什尔州基恩市和基恩州立学院 (KSC) 在过去五年中建立的独特合作为基于本科生的现实世界接触研究提供了强大的基础设施。自 2002 年以来，基恩市一直在其市政车队中使用生物柴油。我们的初步和已发表的工作得出了一个总体假设：在非道路发动机中用生物柴油替代石化柴油将导致 PM 变化，与人类健康直接相关。为了解决这一关键问题，提出了三个具体目标，结合：(1) 非道路发动机真实世界 PM 暴露曲线的物理表征，(2) 已知有毒/炎症化合物的 PM 成分的化学表征，以及 (3) 相同 PM 的生物表征，以评估细胞反应并识别有毒/炎症成分。 KSC 本科生将使用一系列标准和新颖的环境监测方法，测量运行建筑类设备的农村回收站的真实世界 PM 暴露情况。设备将首先使用商业石油柴油燃料，然后改用 20% 生物柴油/80% 石油柴油混合物。将对 PM 样品进行化学分析，以确定是否存在影响健康的有毒物质，包括多环芳烃和金属。在一种新方法中，学生将使用同一现场收集的 PM 进行体外肺上皮细胞测定，以评估毒理学反应。该提案中概述的研究将提供有关现实世界中使用生物柴油燃料作为干预措施以减少柴油发动机 PM 暴露风险的益处和挑战的重要信息，直接解决 NIEHS 在了解环境暴露在人类疾病中的作用方面的优先事项，并将研究结果转化为预防和干预策略以改善公众健康。这项研究提供了一个独特的机会，让来自多个院系的 KSC 本科生参与对公共卫生和环境政策有直接影响的前沿跨学科调查。