The Association of Chronic Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollutants, Inflamm

长期接触颗粒物空气污染物、炎症的协会

• 批准号: 8422645
• 负责人: Rodrigo Xavier Armijos
• 金额: $ 30.25万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS EL PASO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-11-21 至 2015-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8422645
• 关键词: Abdomen; Address; Adverse effects; Age; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Altitude; Anthropometry; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-inflammatory; Area; Arteries; Biological Markers; Blood; Blood Circulation; Blood Glucose; Buffers; Cardiovascular system; Cations; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Characteristics; Child; Child health care; Chronic; Complement; Computer software; Data; Detection; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Dietary intake; Elements; Endothelin-1; Epidemiologic Studies; Exposure to; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Gases; Gelatinase B; Geology; Heavy Metals; Home environment; Hydrocarbons; Individual; Inflammation; Inflammatory; Intake; Intercellular adhesion molecule 1; Interleukin-6; Isoprostanes; Lasers; Lead; Life Style; Light; Location; Lung; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Medical History; Mexico; Modeling; Monitor; Neighborhoods; Nitrates; Nitrites; Obesity; Oxidative Stress; P-Selectin; Participant; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Physical activity; Process; Questionnaires; Quinine; Records; Resolution; Sampling; Scanning; Scheme; School-Age Population; Schools; Source; Statistical Models; Texas; Thick; Time; Transition Elements; Ultrafine; Ultrasonography; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Vascular remodeling; Weather; arterial remodeling; arterial stiffness; atherogenesis; blood lipid; brachial artery; experience; fruits and vegetables; improved; instrument; intima media; isoprostaglandin F2alpha type-III; land use; pollutant; public health relevance; sedentary; sex; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed study addresses the need for the improved understanding of the impact of transient and longer- term exposure to particulate matter present in urban air pollution on the cardiovascular health of children. Specifically, it wil investigate the hypothesis that transient exposure to high PM2.5 and UFP levels promotes oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in children. The study also will examine the hypothesis that chronic PM exposure promotes vascular remodeling (via systemic inflammation) in the form of increased arterial stiffness and thickness. It is hypothesized that the adverse cardiovascular effects of PM exposure will be accelerated in the presence of other pro-inflammatory factors (e.g., obesity, high fat diet, sedentarism) while anti-inflammatory factors wil act to reduce these (e.g., diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables). The study will be conducted i 300 children (age 7-11 yrs) residing in the El Paso, Texas. The geographic characteristics, and presence of US Interstate 10, the second largest port of entry on the US-Mexico border and 200 factories cause some neighborhoods to be heavily polluted than others. To investigate the effects of transient exposure to ambient PM2.5 and UFP with systemic inflammation indicators in healthy children, a 2-wave panel study will be carried out in three (high, medium and low PM) neighborhoods to investigate the association of transient PM2.5 and UFP exposure with inflammation as measured by hpCRP, IL-6, isoprostane, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectin adhesion molecules. Before each of the two inflammatory biomarker blood draws, five cumulative exposure measurements will be constructed for each prior 60-day period (prior day, 2-days, week, month, and 2-month average). Spatial-temporal models of cumulative long-term (5 yr) PM2.5 and UFP exposures will be constructed for five different exposure measures (prior 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 mos. average). Exposure models for both panel and long-term PM studies will be constructed from central air quality monitors located in the three target neighborhoods. Portable PM monitors placed outside schools and in strategic neighborhood locations will be used to identify PM sources and composition. Other portable monitors placed inside the three neighborhood schools and from a random subsample of participants and their homes will collect data on indoor and personal PM exposure. These data will be used to adjust for measurement error in the PM exposure models. The multivariate statistical models will also consider the contributions of pollutant gases, weather conditions, and other potential covariates. To investigate whether chronic exposure to high PM2.5 and UFP is associated with indicators of vascular remodeling, during the first study wave, participants will also undergo ultrasound studies. These to examine the relationship of chronic PM2.5 and UFP exposure with blood endothelin-1 levels, arterial thickening measured by abdominal (aIMT) and carotid (cIMT) intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation). To identify the elemental composition (e.g., hydrocarbons, quinines, light cations, heavy and transition metals) and sources of outdoor PM2.5 and UFP present within each of the three neighborhood zones, ambient PM samples will be collected over a 12- month period at the three participating schools, their surrounding neighborhoods, and in a random sample of participant homes. The samples will be analyzed using an automated energy dispersive XRF instrument. .

描述（由申请方提供）：拟定研究旨在更好地了解短暂和长期暴露于城市空气污染中存在的颗粒物对儿童心血管健康的影响。具体来说，它将调查的假设，短暂暴露于高PM2.5和UFP水平促进儿童的氧化应激和全身炎症。该研究还将检验长期PM暴露以动脉僵硬度和厚度增加的形式促进血管重塑（通过全身炎症）的假设。假设PM暴露的不良心血管效应在其他促炎因子（例如，肥胖、高脂肪饮食、久坐）而抗炎因子将起到减少这些的作用（例如，多吃新鲜水果和蔬菜）。该研究将在居住在德克萨斯州埃尔帕索的300名儿童（7-11岁）中进行。地理特征和美国10号州际公路的存在，美国-墨西哥边境的第二大入境口岸和200家工厂导致一些社区比其他社区污染严重。为了研究短暂暴露于环境PM2.5和UFP对健康儿童全身炎症指标的影响，将在三个（高、中和低PM）社区进行2波面板研究，以研究短暂PM2.5和UFP暴露与炎症的相关性，通过hpCRP、IL-6、异前列腺素、ICAM-1、VCAM-1和P-选择素粘附分子进行测量。在两次炎性生物标志物采血前，将为之前的每个60天周期（前一天、2天、周、月和2个月平均值）构建5个累积暴露测量值。累积长期（5年）PM2.5和UFP暴露的时空模型将构建为五个不同的暴露措施（前12，24，36，48，和60个月。平均值）。面板和长期PM研究的暴露模型将由位于三个目标社区的中央空气质量监测器构建。便携式PM监测器放置在学校外面和战略附近的位置将被用来确定PM的来源和组成。其他便携式监测器放置在三个社区学校内，并从参与者及其家中随机抽取子样本，收集室内和个人PM暴露的数据。这些数据将用于调整PM暴露模型中的测量误差。多元统计模型还将考虑污染气体、天气条件和其他潜在协变量的贡献。为了研究长期暴露于高PM2.5和UFP是否与血管重塑指标相关，在第一波研究中，参与者还将接受超声研究。这些研究旨在检查慢性PM2.5和UFP暴露与血液内皮素-1水平、通过腹部（aIMT）和颈动脉（cIMT）内膜中层厚度测量的动脉增厚以及动脉僵硬度（肱动脉血流介导的扩张）的关系。以识别 元素组成（例如，在三个社区区域内存在的室外PM2.5和UFP的来源（碳氢化合物、奎宁、轻阳离子、重金属和过渡金属），将在12个月的时间内在三所参与学校、其周围社区以及参与者家庭的随机样本中收集环境PM样本。将使用自动能量色散XRF仪器分析样品。.