The Association of Chronic Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollutants, Inflamm

长期接触颗粒物空气污染物、炎症的协会

• 批准号: 8585845
• 负责人: Rodrigo Xavier Armijos
• 金额: $ 29.53万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS EL PASO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-11-21 至 2015-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8585845
• 关键词: Abdomen; Address; Adverse effects; Age; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Altitude; Anthropometry; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-inflammatory; Area; Arteries; Biological Markers; Blood; Blood Circulation; Blood Glucose; Buffers; Cardiovascular system; Cations; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Characteristics; Child; Child health care; Chronic; Complement; Computer software; Data; Detection; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Dietary intake; Elements; Endothelin-1; Epidemiologic Studies; Exposure to; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Gases; Gelatinase B; Geology; Heavy Metals; Home environment; Hydrocarbons; Individual; Inflammation; Inflammatory; Intake; Intercellular adhesion molecule 1; Interleukin-6; Isoprostanes; Lasers; Lead; Life Style; Light; Location; Lung; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Medical History; Mexico; Modeling; Monitor; Neighborhoods; Nitrates; Nitrites; Obesity; Oxidative Stress; P-Selectin; Participant; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Physical activity; Process; Questionnaires; Quinine; Records; Resolution; Sampling; Scanning; Scheme; School-Age Population; Schools; Source; Statistical Models; Texas; Thick; Time; Transition Elements; Ultrafine; Ultrasonography; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Vascular remodeling; Weather; arterial remodeling; arterial stiffness; atherogenesis; blood lipid; brachial artery; experience; fruits and vegetables; improved; instrument; intima media; isoprostaglandin F2alpha type-III; land use; pollutant; public health relevance; sedentary; sex; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed study addresses the need for the improved understanding of the impact of transient and longer- term exposure to particulate matter present in urban air pollution on the cardiovascular health of children. Specifically, it wil investigate the hypothesis that transient exposure to high PM2.5 and UFP levels promotes oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in children. The study also will examine the hypothesis that chronic PM exposure promotes vascular remodeling (via systemic inflammation) in the form of increased arterial stiffness and thickness. It is hypothesized that the adverse cardiovascular effects of PM exposure will be accelerated in the presence of other pro-inflammatory factors (e.g., obesity, high fat diet, sedentarism) while anti-inflammatory factors wil act to reduce these (e.g., diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables). The study will be conducted i 300 children (age 7-11 yrs) residing in the El Paso, Texas. The geographic characteristics, and presence of US Interstate 10, the second largest port of entry on the US-Mexico border and 200 factories cause some neighborhoods to be heavily polluted than others. To investigate the effects of transient exposure to ambient PM2.5 and UFP with systemic inflammation indicators in healthy children, a 2-wave panel study will be carried out in three (high, medium and low PM) neighborhoods to investigate the association of transient PM2.5 and UFP exposure with inflammation as measured by hpCRP, IL-6, isoprostane, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectin adhesion molecules. Before each of the two inflammatory biomarker blood draws, five cumulative exposure measurements will be constructed for each prior 60-day period (prior day, 2-days, week, month, and 2-month average). Spatial-temporal models of cumulative long-term (5 yr) PM2.5 and UFP exposures will be constructed for five different exposure measures (prior 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 mos. average). Exposure models for both panel and long-term PM studies will be constructed from central air quality monitors located in the three target neighborhoods. Portable PM monitors placed outside schools and in strategic neighborhood locations will be used to identify PM sources and composition. Other portable monitors placed inside the three neighborhood schools and from a random subsample of participants and their homes will collect data on indoor and personal PM exposure. These data will be used to adjust for measurement error in the PM exposure models. The multivariate statistical models will also consider the contributions of pollutant gases, weather conditions, and other potential covariates. To investigate whether chronic exposure to high PM2.5 and UFP is associated with indicators of vascular remodeling, during the first study wave, participants will also undergo ultrasound studies. These to examine the relationship of chronic PM2.5 and UFP exposure with blood endothelin-1 levels, arterial thickening measured by abdominal (aIMT) and carotid (cIMT) intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation). To identify the elemental composition (e.g., hydrocarbons, quinines, light cations, heavy and transition metals) and sources of outdoor PM2.5 and UFP present within each of the three neighborhood zones, ambient PM samples will be collected over a 12- month period at the three participating schools, their surrounding neighborhoods, and in a random sample of participant homes. The samples will be analyzed using an automated energy dispersive XRF instrument. .

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究旨在更好地了解短期和长期接触城市空气污染中的颗粒物对儿童心血管健康的影响。具体来说，它将研究以下假设：短暂暴露于高 PM2.5 和 UFP 水平会促进儿童氧化应激和全身炎症。该研究还将检验以下假设：长期接触 PM 会以增加动脉硬度和厚度的形式促进血管重塑（通过全身炎症）。据推测，在存在其他促炎因素（例如肥胖、高脂肪饮食、久坐）的情况下，PM 暴露对心血管的不利影响将加速，而抗炎因素将减少这些因素（例如富含新鲜水果和蔬菜的饮食）。该研究将对居住在德克萨斯州埃尔帕索的 300 名儿童（7-11 岁）进行。地理特征以及美国 10 号州际公路、美墨边境第二大入境口岸和 200 家工厂的存在，导致一些社区的污染比其他社区严重。为了研究短暂暴露于环境 PM2.5 和 UFP 对健康儿童全身炎症指标的影响，将在三个（高、中和低 PM）社区进行 2 波小组研究，以通过 hpCRP、IL-6、异前列烷、ICAM-1、VCAM-1 和 P-选择素粘附分子来研究短暂暴露于 PM2.5 和 UFP 与炎症的关联。在两次炎症生物标志物抽血之前，将为之前的每个 60 天周期（前一天、两天、一周、一个月和两个月的平均值）构建五次累积暴露测量。将为五种不同的暴露测量（之前 12、24、36、48 和 60 个月的平均值）构建累积长期（5 年）PM2.5 和 UFP 暴露的时空模型。面板和长期 PM 研究的暴露模型将根据位于三个目标社区的中央空气质量监测仪构建。放置在学校外和附近战略位置的便携式颗粒物监测仪将用于识别颗粒物来源和成分。放置在三所附近学校内的其他便携式监测器以及来自参与者及其家中的随机子样本将收集有关室内和个人 PM 暴露的数据。这些数据将用于调整 PM 暴露模型中的测量误差。多元统计模型还将考虑污染物气体、天气条件和其他潜在协变量的贡献。为了调查长期暴露于高 PM2.5 和 UFP 是否与血管重塑指标相关，在第一波研究期间，参与者还将接受超声检查。这些旨在检查慢性 PM2.5 和 UFP 暴露与血液内皮素-1 水平、通过腹部 (aIMT) 和颈动脉 (cIMT) 内膜中层厚度测量的动脉增厚以及动脉僵硬度（肱动脉血流介导的扩张）之间的关系。识别 三个邻里区域中每个区域存在的元素组成（例如碳氢化合物、奎宁、轻阳离子、重金属和过渡金属）和室外 PM2.5 和 UFP 来源，将在 12 个月内从三所参与学校、其周边社区以及随机抽样的参与家庭中收集环境 PM 样本。将使用自动能量色散 XRF 仪器对样品进行分析。 。