Hazardous Waste Worker Training Program (HWWTP)

危险废物工人培训计划（HWWTP）

基本信息

批准号：
8520307
负责人：
john Dennis devlin
金额：
$ 30.3万
依托单位：
UTILITY WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
至
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8520307
关键词：
Accidents Air Pollution Americas Arsenic Asbestos Attention Breathing Cadmium Categories Chronic Coal Communities Deposition Disasters Dust Educational Curriculum Electricity Emergency Situation Environmental sludge Equipment Exposure to Financial compensation Fossil Fuels Funding Gases Generations Grant Hazardous Chemicals Hazardous Substances Hazardous Waste Health Heavy Metals Home environment Human Industry Ingestion Injury Institutes Island Joints Lead Mercury Names National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Nonprofit Organizations Nuclear Oils Plants Polychlorinated Biphenyls Population Potassium Permanganate Power Plants Radiation Reporting Research Infrastructure Risk Rivers Safety Secure Services Site Soil Source Steam Sulfuric Acids Tennessee Toxin Training Training Programs Trust U-Series Cooperative Agreements United States United States Virgin Islands Water Pollution Work Workplace aquatic organism chlorine gas chromium hexavalent ion cost drinking water emergency service responder fly ash hazard man manufacturing process meetings member occupational hazard operation pollutant prevent repaired response stem transmission process water treatment

项目摘要

The utility industry forms the core of our energy infrastructure. The public depends on its services and rightly takes for granted that the electricity is always flowing. But with this service comes a number of public and occupational hazards. Workers suffer illnesses and injuries from exposure to spills or leaks of radiation, chlorine gas, PCB-contaminated oil, sulfuric acid, or potassium permanganate. Other hazards include: electrocution, crushing from cave-ins during excavations, asbestos, mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium and other heavy metals to name a few. We see UWUA members at work in everyday lives, but their work hazards go unnoticed. Similarly, the public hazards from the industry such as air and water pollution and catastrophic releases of toxins often are seen as everyday circumstances until there is a dramatic accident that draws our attention to the utility industry, such as Three Mile Island. More often than not, a worker training is the first and only line of defense to either prevent or stem hazards in the workplace or the public. Sometimes these invisible hazards break into full view as happened during the Kingston, Tennessee coal ash spill. The spill deposited about 5.4 million cubic yards of fly ash sludge into the Emory River and its environs destroying or damaging 26 homes with an expected cleanup cost $1 Billion (2). There are less spectacular hazards of coal-fired electrical plants' combustion by-products that are reported in the EPA's Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category: Final Detailed Report: The total amount of toxic pollutants currently being released in wastewater discharges from coal-fired power plants is estimated to be significant and raises concerns regarding the long-term impacts to aquatic organisms, wildlife, and human health that are exposed to these pollutants."(3) Even though the EPA has yet to classify coal ash as hazardous waste, they are applying their own hazardous waste standard to it. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensations and Liability Act (CERCLA) is now used as the guiding standard for coal incident clean-ups. Additionally, the EPA has determined that at least 44 other holding ponds across the United States pose a "High Hazard" to nearby communities (4). Because coal fly ash sludge stored in holding ponds does not easily become airborne, it doesn't pose a severe health risk to workers. However, electrical generation workers can be exposed to dry coal ash that may become airborne in electrical generation facilities. Coal combustion by-products escape boilers that lack scrubbers. In the case of positive flow boilers, coal ash dust escapes through holes in the boiler and covers everything around the boiler. This dry coal ash dust often contains inorganic arsenic, hexavalent chromium, mercury, and lead. When dry, this ash dust can contaminate workers through inhalation or ingestion, causing chronic health problems to exposed workers. Utility workers are exposed to hazardous substances through a wide variety of venues. Like industrial workers they may be exposed to a broad array of hazardous chemicals that are used onsite during the manufacturing process (making electricity, purifying drinking water). Like construction workers, they may be exposed to contaminated soil during excavation/trenching operations to install, maintain or repair pipes or lines. Like service workers they must go to industrial settings or other potentially hazardous sites to install, maintain or repair the equipment that distributes the product. Finally, like Emergency Response workers they are first responders to natural, man-made or accidental disasters to repair and to reestablish utility service.

公用事业行业构成了我们能源基础设施的核心。公众依靠其服务，正确地认为电力总是在流动。但是，随着这项服务，有许多公共和职业危害。工人因暴露于溢出物或辐射泄漏，氯气，含PCB污染的油，硫酸或高锰钾而遭受疾病和伤害。其他危害包括：电力，在发掘，石棉，汞，砷，铅，镉和其他重金属中从洞穴中粉碎，仅举几例。我们看到UWUA成员在日常生活中工作，但他们的工作危害并未引起人们的注意。同样，该行业的公共危害，例如空气和水污染以及毒素的灾难性释放，通常被视为日常情况，直到发生巨大的事故吸引了我们注意公用事业行业，例如三英里岛。通常，工人培训是预防工作场所或公众危害的第一个也是唯一的防御线。有时，这些无形的危害像田纳西州煤灰溢油事件中的金斯敦期间一样浮出水面。溢出物沉积了约540万立方码的粉煤灰污泥，并以预期的清理销毁或破坏26户房屋的周围环境耗资10亿美元（2）。燃煤电厂的燃烧副产品的壮观危害较小功率生成点源类别：最终详细报告：据估计，目前在废水排放中释放的有毒污染物的总量估计是重要的，并且对对水生生物的长期影响，野生动植物和人类健康的长期影响引起了人们的关注，这些污染物暴露于这些污染物中。（CERCLA）现在用作清理煤炭事件的指导标准。确定在美国，至少有44个其他占有池塘对附近的社区造成了“高危害”（4）。由于存储在储存池塘中的煤灰污泥并不容易成为空降，因此不会对工人造成严重的健康风险。但是，发电工人可以接触到可能成为发电设施中空降的干煤灰。煤炭燃烧副产品逃脱了缺少洗涤塔的锅炉。对于正面流动锅炉的情况，煤灰灰尘通过锅炉的孔逸出并覆盖锅炉周围的一切。这种干煤灰尘通常含有无机砷，六价铬，汞和铅。干燥后，这种灰尘会通过吸入或摄入来污染工人，从而导致慢性健康问题暴露于工人。公用事业工人通过各种场所暴露于危险物质。像工业工人一样，他们可能会接触到在制造过程中现场使用的各种危险化学物质（制造电力，净化饮用水）。像建筑工人一样，他们可能会在挖掘/挖沟操作中接触到被污染的土壤，以安装，维护或修复管道或线条。喜欢服务人员必须前往工业环境或其他潜在的危险站点，以安装，维护或维修分发产品的设备。最后，像紧急响应工人一样，他们是对自然，人造或意外灾难进行修复和重新建立公用事业服务的第一响应者。