BTEX Contaminated Groundwater Remediation by Bio-Electrochemical Systems

生物电化学系统修复受苯系物污染的地下水

• 批准号: 8781940
• 负责人: ZHEN HUANG
• 金额: $ 14.79万
• 依托单位: CAMBRIAN INNOVATION, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-17 至 2016-01-15
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8781940
• 关键词: Accounting; Aerobic; Agriculture; Air; Anodes; Benzene; Biodegradation; Biological; Biological Process; Bioremediations; Capital; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Cathodes; Cells; Central Nervous System Depressants; Chemicals; Development; Economics; Electrodes; Excision; Family; Fracture; Gases; Goals; Health; Individual; Injection of therapeutic agent; Inorganic Sulfates; Knowledge; Marketing; Methane; Monitor; Nitrates; Oxidants; Oxygen; Petroleum; Phase; Process; Production; Regulation; Residual state; Signal Transduction; Site; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; Soil; System; Technology; Testing; Time; Toluene; United States Environmental Protection Agency; United States National Institutes of Health; Unspecified or Sulfate Ion Sulfates; Water; Work; Xylene; base; commercialization; cost; cost effective; design; ethylbenzene; experience; improved; innovation; leukemia; novel; operation; oxidation; physical process; pollutant; programs; public health relevance; reaction rate; remediation; research and development; scale up; sound; volatile organic compound

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Leaking petroleum from underground storage tanks (USTs) is one of the biggest threats to groundwater quality in the US. Currently, there are approximately 597,000 federally-regulated active USTs at about 215,000 sites in the US. It was estimated that 680,000 USTs are expected to require remediation under federal regulations over the next few decades, with average cleanup costs reaching almost $125,000 per site. Leaking USTs account for over 40% of US soil and groundwater remediation market, the latter posted revenues of about $8.1 billion in 2004 and an estimated market of $13 billion by 2010. BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) are the major aromatic components frequently found in groundwater as a result of leak in USTs. BTEX are classified as priority pollutants regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and were among the target compounds toward EPA's 33-50 program. Benzene is also ranked #6 in the ATSDR 2011 Substance Priority List. Benzene is teratogenic and may be associated with the development of leukemia, and toluene is a suspected depressant of central nervous system. Because of these health concerns, the maximum levels in potable water are 0.05, 1, 0.7 and 10 ppm for benzene, toluene, ethybenzene and xylenes, respectively. Among all remediation technologies for treating BTEX-contaminated groundwater, bioremediation appears to be an economical, energy-efficient and environmentally sound approach. However, additional electron acceptor is usually required to accelerate the process. Aerobic remediation is regarded as the fastest process but usually leads to loss of volatile organic compounds into air instead of complete BTEX removal associated with high capital and operational cost due to the oxygen injection system. Anaerobic process is limited in biodegradation efficiency and usually requires addition of either nitrates or sulfates as electron acceptors which significantly increase the total cost. This project proposes to remove BTEX from groundwater in a novel bio-electrochemical system (BES) while simultaneously generating methane. The benefits of this technology are: (i) more efficient due to bio- electrochemical stimulation and improvement; (ii) more cost effective due to lack of additional electron acceptor; (iii) more sustainable as most carbon is captured as methane. Phase I will focus on demonstrating biodegradation of BTEX in BES. Phase II will work on system optimization, scale up and pilot demonstration. The end goal for Phase I and Phase II R&D will be a BTEX contaminated groundwater remediation system that is: (i) with high treatment efficiency; (ii) with lower cost; (iii) robust system by incorporating electrochemical signals; (vi) green remediation technology with significantly smaller carbon footprint.

描述（由申请人提供）：地下储罐 (UST) 的石油泄漏是美国地下水质量面临的最大威胁之一。目前，美国约 215,000 个地点约有 597,000 个受联邦监管的活跃 UST。据估计，未来几十年内将有 680,000 个 UST 需要根据联邦法规进行修复，每个站点的平均清理成本将达到近 125,000 美元。泄漏的 UST 占美国土壤和地下水修复市场的 40% 以上，后者 2004 年的收入约为 81 亿美元，预计到 2010 年市场将达到 130 亿美元。BTEX（苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯）是由于 UST 泄漏而在地下水中经常发现的主要芳香族成分。 BTEX 被列为美国环境保护署 (EPA) 监管的优先污染物，并且是 EPA 33-50 计划的目标化合物之一。苯还在 ATSDR 2011 年优先物质列表中排名第六。苯具有致畸性，并可能与白血病的发展有关，而甲苯被怀疑是中枢神经系统抑制剂。由于这些健康问题，饮用水中苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯的最大含量分别为 0.05、1、0.7 和 10 ppm。在所有处理受苯系物污染的地下水的修复技术中，生物修复似乎是一种经济、节能和环保的方法。然而，通常需要额外的电子受体来加速该过程。有氧修复被认为是最快的过程，但通常会导致挥发性有机化合物损失到空气中，而不是完全去除苯系物，而由于注氧系统，资本和运营成本较高。厌氧过程的生物降解效率有限，通常需要添加硝酸盐或 硫酸盐作为电子受体，这显着增加了总成本。该项目建议通过新型生物电化学系统（BES）去除地下水中的苯系物，同时产生甲烷。该技术的好处是：（i）由于生物电化学刺激和改进而更加高效； (ii) 由于缺乏额外的电子受体而更具成本效益； (iii) 更可持续，因为大多数碳被捕获为甲烷。第一阶段将重点展示 BES 中 BTEX 的生物降解。第二阶段将进行系统优化、规模化和试点示范。一期和二期研发的最终目标是建立一个受苯系物污染的地下水修复系统，该系统具有以下特点：（i）处理效率高； (ii) 成本较低； (iii) 通过结合电化学信号实现稳健的系统； (vi) 碳足迹显着减少的绿色修复技术。