The Contribution of Anatomic Pathology to the Health of Women and Children

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案要求支持将于2013年11月4日至7日在尼日利亚阿布贾举行的第二届两年一次的独特哈佛继续医学教育（CME）会议，题为“解剖病理学对妇女和儿童健康的贡献”。第一次会议于2011年6月在埃塞俄比亚举行，取得了巨大成功。通过在尼日利亚举行第二次会议，我们希望有许多来自西非国家的与会者，这些国家在埃塞俄比亚会议上的代表人数较少。这些会议旨在强调病理学在帮助实现联合国千年发展目标（MDG）降低孕产妇和儿童死亡率方面的重要性。由于病理数据/诊断不足，这两类死亡率的估计受到严重阻碍，从而限制了制定有效战略以成功实现联合国千年发展目标。这些死亡率在撒哈拉以南非洲尤其令人难以忍受，那里的产妇死亡率估计是美国的50至100倍。虽然缺乏可靠数据的原因很多而且很复杂，但准确诊断死亡原因可能是设计有效改善政策的宝贵工具。目前，解剖病理学在非洲的获取和参与及其在获取准确数据方面的作用有限。缺乏参与的一个主要原因是非洲缺乏训练有素的病理学家，特别是那些受过孕产妇和新生儿病理学重点教育的病理学家。优化病理参与的机制包括提供有重点的教育机会，以提高诊断技能，协调努力，标准化标准，激发兴趣，促进合作。一项迫切需要的努力是鼓励非洲的医科学生学习病理学专业。我们希望通过在撒哈拉以南非洲举办这些重点会议，并为有经济需要的非洲病理学家和培训生提供奖学金，来促进这些努力。通过在非洲举行会议，我们希望激发发达国家病理学家与非洲国家病理学家进行互动/合作的兴趣。我们计划为有经济负担的病理学家，特别是在培训中的病理学家提供全额和部分奖学金。本课程的设计包括以讲座为基础的与妇幼病理学相关的模块和合作研讨会。我们计划利用研讨会开始开发有用的总体模板、解剖诊断的标准化和开发监测技术的方案。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal requests support for the second biannual unique Harvard Continuing Medical Education (CME) meeting entitled The Contribution of Anatomic Pathology to the Health of Women and Children, to be held in Abuja, Nigeria November 4 - 7, 2013. The first meeting was held in Ethiopia June of 2011 and was a great success. By holding this, the second conference, in Nigeria we hope to have many attendees from Western African countries, demography less well represented at the Ethiopian Conference. The meetings are designed to highlight the importance of pathology in helping meet the United Nations' (UN) Millennium Developmental Goals (MDG) to reduce maternal and childhood mortality. Estimates of mortality rates in these two categories are severely hampered by insufficient pathologic data/diagnoses limiting the development of effective strategies for success at achieving the UN MDG. These mortality rates are especially untenable in sub-Saharan Africa where the maternal mortality rate is estimated at from 50 to 100 times that of the United States. Although the reasons for the lack of reliable data are many and complicated, getting accurate diagnoses of the causes of deaths could be a valuable tool to design effective policies for improvement. Currently anatomic pathology access and involvement in Africa and its role in procuring accurate data is limited. A major reason for this lack of involvement is the scarcity of trained pathologists in Africa, especially those with the focused education on maternal and neonatal pathology. Mechanisms to optimize pathology involvement include offering focused educational opportunities to improve diagnostic skills and to coordinate efforts, standardize criteria, inspire interest, and stimulate collaboration. One desperately needed effort is to encourage medical students in Africa to pursue pathology specialization. We hope to facilitate these efforts by having these focused meetings in sub-Saharan Africa, and offering scholarships for African pathologists and trainees with financial needs. By having the meeting take place in Africa, we hope to stimulate interest from pathologists in developed countries to interact/collaborate with their colleagues from African countries. We plan to offer generous scholarships (full and partial) to pathologists with financial burdens, especially those in trainin. The course is designed to include lecture based modules on topics related to maternal and children's pathology and workshops for collaboration. We plan to use the workshops to start to develop useful grossing templates, standardization of anatomic diagnoses, and schemas for developing surveillance techniques.