A National Chimpanzee Brain Resource

国家黑猩猩大脑资源

• 批准号: 8956182
• 负责人: Chester Sherwood
• 金额: $ 26.28万
• 依托单位: GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-30 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8956182
• 关键词: Agonistic Behavior; Anatomy; Atlases; Autopsy; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Research; Biomedical Research; Brain; Brain region; Cataloging; Catalogs; Cognition; Cognitive; Collection; Communication; Communities; Comprehension; DNA; Data; Data Collection; Databases; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Discipline; Disease; Empathy; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gene Expression; Genomics; Goals; Grooming; Handedness; Human; Individual; Institutes; Investigation; Learning; Life; Link; Location; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Measures; Mental disorders; Methods; Molecular; Monkeys; Motor Skills; Mus; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Neurosciences; Neurosciences Research; Pan Genus; Performance; Personality Assessment; Phenotype; Play; Primates; Rattus; Records; Relative (related person); Research; Research Infrastructure; Research Personnel; Resolution; Resources; Rest; Sampling; Scanning; Science; Scientist; Shipping; Ships; Social Behavior; Temperament; Testing; Thick; Time; Tissue Sample; United States National Institutes of Health; Variant; Weight; affiliative behavior; base; brain tissue; cognitive ability; cognitive control; cortex mapping; gaze; grasp; gray matter; indexing; interest; nervous system disorder; public health relevance; skills; social; spatial memory; tool; white matter

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project will provide the infrastructure, expertise, and tools for a National Chimpanzee Brain Resource for neuroscience research. Chimpanzees are the closest living relatives of humans, sharing more than 98% DNA similarity. As a result, chimpanzees possess a number of behavioral and cognitive abilities that distinguish them from other nonhuman species often used in behavioral and biomedical research such as mice, rats, and monkeys. Such abilities include basic symbolic communication, self-recognition, third party reconciliation and consolation, tool use, imitation learning, and empathy. Thus, chimpanzees are a unique species for understanding recently evolved cognitive phenotypes, some of which are abnormally manifest in neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders in humans. However, the chimpanzee resources managed by the NIH have been underutilized, particularly in the context of neuroscience. There is a broad community of researchers who would benefit from a National Chimpanzee Brain Resource. As part of this project we will create an infrastructure that will: (1) manage communication with National Primate Research Centers and the National Chimpanzee Sanctuary (Chimp Haven) to coordinate brain collection and shipping; (2) acquire high resolution structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging of postmortem fixed brains; (3) provide open access to and a catalog of T1-weighted structural MRI and resting state fMRI scans of a sample of chimpanzee brains; (4) develop an online, minable database so that scientists can query the collection of MRIs and tissue samples and submit requests. We will also develop tools that will include: (1) MRI-based template of the chimpanzee brain with probabilistic maps of cortical regions determined by cytoarchitectonic methods; (2) an online searchable database of grey and white matter volumes, as well as cortical thickness, of key brains regions of interest, including region-of-interest maps; (3) a database of chimpanzee brain connectivity that will be developed from diffusion tensor images; (4) a detailed chimpanzee brain atlas created from histological sections; (5) coordination with the Allen Institute for Brain Science to begin creating a chimpanzee gene-expression map. Furthermore, we will obtain a behavioral database from chimpanzees to enable the investigation of brain anatomy-behavior-genomic associations. Data on motor skill (tool use, grasping skill), laterality, social and physical cognition (gaze following, initiating and comprehension of social communicative skills, spatial memory, object permanence) will continue to be obtained and data on social behavior (i.e., grooming, social play) and temperament will also be collected for each individual.

 描述（由申请人提供）：该项目将为国家黑猩猩大脑资源的神经科学研究提供基础设施、专业知识和工具。黑猩猩是人类现存的近亲，DNA 相似度超过 98%。因此，黑猩猩拥有许多行为和认知能力，使它们有别于常用于行为和生物医学研究的其他非人类物种，如小鼠、大鼠和猴子。这些能力包括基本的符号沟通、自我识别、第三方和解与安慰、工具使用、模仿学习和同理心。因此，黑猩猩是了解最近进化的认知表型的独特物种，其中一些认知表型在人类神经和神经发育障碍中异常表现。然而，美国国立卫生研究院管理的黑猩猩资源并未得到充分利用，特别是在神经科学领域。有一个广泛的研究人员群体将从国家黑猩猩大脑资源中受益。作为该项目的一部分，我们将创建一个基础设施，该基础设施将：（1）管理与国家灵长类动物研究中心和国家黑猩猩保护区（黑猩猩避难所）的通信，以协调大脑收集和运输； (2) 获得死后固定大脑的高分辨率结构MRI和扩散张量成像； (3) 提供黑猩猩大脑样本的 T1 加权结构 MRI 和静息态 fMRI 扫描的开放获取和目录； (4) 开发一个在线、可挖掘的数据库，以便科学家可以查询 MRI 和组织样本的集合并提交请求。我们还将开发工具，其中包括：（1）基于 MRI 的黑猩猩大脑模板，其中包含通过细胞结构方法确定的皮质区域的概率图； (2) 一个可在线搜索的关键大脑感兴趣区域的灰质和白质体积以及皮质厚度的数据库，包括感兴趣区域图； (3) 将根据扩散张量图像开发黑猩猩大脑连接数据库； (4) 根据组织切片创建的详细黑猩猩大脑图谱； (5) 与艾伦脑科学研究所协调，开始创建黑猩猩基因表达图谱。此外，我们还将获得黑猩猩的行为数据库，以便研究大脑解剖学-行为-基因组关联。将继续获得关于运动技能（工具使用、抓取技能）、侧向性、社交和身体认知（注视跟踪、社交沟通技能的发起和理解、空间记忆、物体持久性）的数据，并且还将收集每个人的社会行为（即梳理、社交游戏）和气质的数据。