A National Chimpanzee Brain Resource

国家黑猩猩大脑资源

• 批准号: 9312902
• 负责人: Chester Sherwood
• 金额: $ 23.68万
• 依托单位: GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-30 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9312902
• 关键词: Agonistic Behavior; Anatomy; Atlases; Autopsy; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Research; Biomedical Research; Brain; Brain region; Catalogs; Cognition; Cognitive; Collection; Communication; Communities; Comprehension; DNA; Data; Data Collection; Databases; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Discipline; Disease; Empathy; Gene Expression; Genomics; Goals; Grooming; Handedness; Histologic; Human; Individual; Institutes; Investigation; Learning; Link; Location; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Measures; Mental disorders; Metadata; Methods; Molecular; Monkeys; Motor Skills; Mus; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Neurosciences; Neurosciences Research; Pan Genus; Performance; Personality Assessment; Phenotype; Play; Primates; Rattus; Records; Research; Research Infrastructure; Research Personnel; Resolution; Resources; Rest; Sampling; Scanning; Science; Scientist; Shipping; Social Behavior; Temperament; Thick; Time; Tissue Sample; United States National Institutes of Health; Variant; affiliative behavior; base; brain tissue; cognitive ability; cognitive control; cognitive testing; cortex mapping; functional MRI scan; gaze; grasp; gray matter; indexing; interest; nervous system disorder; public health relevance; skills; social; spatial memory; tool; white matter

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project will provide the infrastructure, expertise, and tools for a National Chimpanzee Brain Resource for neuroscience research. Chimpanzees are the closest living relatives of humans, sharing more than 98% DNA similarity. As a result, chimpanzees possess a number of behavioral and cognitive abilities that distinguish them from other nonhuman species often used in behavioral and biomedical research such as mice, rats, and monkeys. Such abilities include basic symbolic communication, self-recognition, third party reconciliation and consolation, tool use, imitation learning, and empathy. Thus, chimpanzees are a unique species for understanding recently evolved cognitive phenotypes, some of which are abnormally manifest in neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders in humans. However, the chimpanzee resources managed by the NIH have been underutilized, particularly in the context of neuroscience. There is a broad community of researchers who would benefit from a National Chimpanzee Brain Resource. As part of this project we will create an infrastructure that will: (1) manage communication with National Primate Research Centers and the National Chimpanzee Sanctuary (Chimp Haven) to coordinate brain collection and shipping; (2) acquire high resolution structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging of postmortem fixed brains; (3) provide open access to and a catalog of T1-weighted structural MRI and resting state fMRI scans of a sample of chimpanzee brains; (4) develop an online, minable database so that scientists can query the collection of MRIs and tissue samples and submit requests. We will also develop tools that will include: (1) MRI-based template of the chimpanzee brain with probabilistic maps of cortical regions determined by cytoarchitectonic methods; (2) an online searchable database of grey and white matter volumes, as well as cortical thickness, of key brains regions of interest, including region-of-interest maps; (3) a database of chimpanzee brain connectivity that will be developed from diffusion tensor images; (4) a detailed chimpanzee brain atlas created from histological sections; (5) coordination with the Allen Institute for Brain Science to begin creating a chimpanzee gene-expression map. Furthermore, we will obtain a behavioral database from chimpanzees to enable the investigation of brain anatomy-behavior-genomic associations. Data on motor skill (tool use, grasping skill), laterality, social and physical cognition (gaze following, initiating and comprehension of social communicative skills, spatial memory, object permanence) will continue to be obtained and data on social behavior (i.e., grooming, social play) and temperament will also be collected for each individual.

 描述（由应用程序提供）：该项目将为神经科学研究的国家黑猩猩大脑资源提供基础架构，专业知识和工具。黑猩猩是人类最接近的亲属，共享98％的DNA相似性。结果，黑猩猩具有许多行为和认知能力，将它们与经常用于行为和生物医学研究（例如小鼠，大鼠和猴子）的其他非人类物种区分开来。这样的能力包括基本的符号交流，自我认可，第三方的和解与合并，工具使用，模仿学习和同理心。这是黑猩猩是一个独特的物种，可以理解最近进化的认知表型，其中一些是在人类的神经和神经发育障碍中绝对表现出来的。但是，由NIH管理的黑猩猩资源未充分利用，特别是在神经科学的背景下。有一个广泛的研究人员社区将从国家黑猩猩大脑资源中受益。作为该项目的一部分，我们将建立一个基础设施，该基础设施将：（1）与国家灵长类动物研究中心和国家黑猩猩庇护所（Chimp Haven）进行沟通，以协调大脑收集和运输； （2）获取高分辨率的结构MRI和后固定脑的扩散张量成像； （3）提供对T1加权结构MRI和静止状态fMRI扫描的开放访问和目录的目录； （4）开发一个在线，最小的数据库，以便科学家可以查询MRI和组织样本的收集并提交请求。我们还将开发将包括：（1）基于MRI的黑猩猩大脑的模板，该模板具有由细胞结构方法确定的皮质区域的概率图； （2）一个可在线搜索的灰色和白色物质量以及皮质厚度的可在线搜索范围，包括关键的大脑区域，包括利益的地图； （3）将从扩散张量图像开发的黑猩猩脑连接性数据库； （4）由组织学部分创建的详细的黑猩猩大脑图集； （5）与艾伦脑科学研究所的协调开始创建黑猩猩基因表达图。此外，我们将从黑猩猩那里获得一个行为数据库，以使大脑 - 手段 - 行为共同相关的投资。有关运动技能（工具使用，掌握技能），横向和身体认知的数据（凝视跟随，启动和理解社交沟通技巧，空间记忆，对象的永久性）以及有关社会行为（即修饰，社交游戏）和温度的数据也将被收集到每个人的情况下。