Fatty Acids, Adiposity, & Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescence

生命早期的营养暴露可能对心血管疾病（CVD）风险产生长期影响， 成年然而，很少有具体的饮食因素已被确定，和时间窗口时，他们是 更有可能影响以后的CVD风险是不确定的。脂肪酸，特别是长链多不饱和脂肪酸 酸，对成年人的CVD危险因素有公认的影响，但它们在早期生活中的作用仍然未知。 血清脂肪酸浓度是膳食摄入的适当生物标志物。此应用程序的目标是 研究婴儿期和儿童期血清脂肪酸浓度与1）BMI轨迹的关系 从婴儿期到青春期，2）在一个成熟的队列中，16岁时的心脏代谢风险因素 智利儿童。我们将测量750个队列的储存血清样本中的脂肪酸浓度 有婴儿期（6至18个月）样本以及5岁和/或10岁样本的参与者。 研究终点还包括从婴儿期到青春期（16岁）的体重指数变化 作为16岁时测量的CVD风险因素，包括%体脂（来自DXA）、血压、胰岛素抵抗 （HOMA）、脂质谱、炎症标志物和脂肪因子。我们假设长链n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）在婴儿期或儿童期与发育呈负相关， 肥胖和相关的代谢紊乱。相反，n-6和反式脂肪酸正相关 这些结果。由于脂肪酸状态可能通过饮食干预来改变， 可以为旨在降低CVD负担的儿童早期干预提供基础。智利 队列是研究肥胖相关代谢紊乱发展的理想方法，因为 婴儿期的入学率与儿童肥胖率极高的过渡期相对应。这 是一项极具成本效益的研究，因为已经收集了大量数据和样本。

Nutritional exposures in early life can have a long-lasting effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adulthood. However, few specific dietary factors have been identified, and the time windows when they are more likely to influence later CVD risk are uncertain. Fatty acids, especially long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, have well-recognized effects on CVD risk factors in adults, but their roles in early life remain unknown. Serum fatty acids concentrations are adequate biomarkers of dietary intake. The goal of this application is to study the associations of serum fatty acid concentrations during infancy and childhood with 1) BMI trajectories from infancy through adolescence and 2) cardiometabolic risk factors at age 16 y in a well-established cohort of Chilean children. We will measure fatty acids concentrations in stored serum samples of 750 cohort participants who have a sample available at infancy (6 to 18 mo) plus samples at 5 and/or 10 y of age. Endpoints of interest include change in body mass index from infancy through adolescence (age 16 y) as well as CVD risk factors measured at age 16 y including % body fat (from DXA), blood pressure, insulin resistance (HOMA), lipid profile, inflammatory markers, and adipokines. We hypothesize that long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in infancy or childhood are inversely related to the development of adiposity and related metabolic disturbances. Conversely, n-6 and trans-fatty acids are positively associated with these outcomes. Because fatty acid status is potentially modifiable through dietary interventions, this study could provide a basis for early interventions in children aimed at decreasing the burden of CVD. The Chilean cohort is ideal for the study of the development of adiposity-related metabolic disturbance because the years of enrollment in infancy corresponded to a period of extremely rapid transition to high rates of child obesity. This is a highly cost-effective study since a wealth of data and samples has already been collected.