Fatty Acids, Adiposity, & Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescence

描述（由申请人提供）：生命早期的营养暴露可能对成年后心血管疾病（CVD）的风险产生长期影响。然而，很少有特定的饮食因素被确定，当它们更有可能影响后期心血管疾病风险的时间窗是不确定的。脂肪酸，尤其是长链多不饱和脂肪酸，对成人心血管疾病的危险因素有明显的影响，但其在早期生活中的作用尚不清楚。血清脂肪酸浓度是膳食摄入量的适当生物标志物。本应用程序的目的是研究婴儿期和儿童期血清脂肪酸浓度与1)婴儿期至青春期BMI轨迹和2)16岁时心脏代谢危险因素之间的关系。我们将测量750名队列参与者的储存血清样本中的脂肪酸浓度，这些参与者在婴儿期（6至18个月）和5岁和/或10岁时都有样本。感兴趣的终点包括从婴儿期到青春期（16岁）的体重指数变化，以及16岁时测量的CVD危险因素，包括体脂%（来自DXA）、血压、胰岛素抵抗（HOMA）、脂质特征、炎症标志物和脂肪因子。我们假设婴儿期或儿童期的长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）与肥胖和相关代谢紊乱的发展呈负相关。相反，n-6和反式脂肪酸与这些结果呈正相关。因为脂肪酸状态是潜在的

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Nutritional exposures in early life can have a long-lasting effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adulthood. However, few specific dietary factors have been identified, and the time windows when they are more likely to influence later CVD risk are uncertain. Fatty acids, especially long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, have well-recognized effects on CVD risk factors in adults, but their roles in early life remain unknown. Serum fatty acids concentrations are adequate biomarkers of dietary intake. The goal of this application is to study the associations of serum fatty acid concentrations during infancy and childhood with 1) BMI trajectories from infancy through adolescence and 2) cardiometabolic risk factors at age 16 y in a well-established cohort of Chilean children. We will measure fatty acids concentrations in stored serum samples of 750 cohort participants who have a sample available at infancy (6 to 18 mo) plus samples at 5 and/or 10 y of age. Endpoints of interest include change in body mass index from infancy through adolescence (age 16 y) as well as CVD risk factors measured at age 16 y including % body fat (from DXA), blood pressure, insulin resistance (HOMA), lipid profile, inflammatory markers, and adipokines. We hypothesize that long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in infancy or childhood are inversely related to the development of adiposity and related metabolic disturbances. Conversely, n-6 and trans-fatty acids are positively associated with these outcomes. Because fatty acid status is potentially modifiable through dietary interventions, this study could provide a basis for early interventions in children aimed at decreasing the burden of CVD. The Chilean cohort is ideal for the study of the development of adiposity-related metabolic disturbance because the years of enrollment in infancy corresponded to a period of extremely rapid transition to high rates of child obesity. This is a highly cost-effective study since a wealth of data and samples has already been collected.