Development of a Real-Time, Wearable Sensor to Limit Exposure to Formaldehyde

开发实时可穿戴传感器以限制甲醛暴露

• 批准号: 8833193
• 负责人: Drew M Matter
• 金额: $ 21.33万
• 依托单位: FRESHAIR SENSOR CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8833193
• 关键词: Acute; Adoption; Air; Anatomy; Apoptosis; Area; Beauty; Biological; Biology; Breathing; Burn injury; Carcinogens; Caring; Chemicals; Coughing; Data; Data Storage and Retrieval; Detection; Development; Devices; Dimensions; Electronics; Environment; Exposure to; Eye; Face; Feedback; Film; Formaldehyde; Furniture; Future; General Population; Hair; Health; High Pressure Liquid Chromatography; Home environment; Hour; Household; Housing; Human; Hurricane; Immune system; Indium; Individual; Infant; Infection; International Agency for Research on Cancer; Laboratories; Legal; Licensing; Life; Lower respiratory tract structure; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of nasopharynx; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Medical; MicroRNAs; Monitor; Nasal Epithelium; Nausea; Nose; Occupational Exposure; Organ; Output; Partner in relationship; Pharyngeal structure; Phase; Plant Resins; Poison; Polymers; Production; Rattus; Recommendation; Records; Reporting; Research Personnel; Resistance; Risk; Sampling; Schools; Signal Transduction; Squamous cell carcinoma; TLV-STEL; Technology; Testing; Textiles; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Visual; Weight; Wood material; Workplace; active method; analytical method; base; building materials; built environment; college; commercialization; consumer product; experience; imprint; innovation; interest; leukemia; prototype; public health relevance; response; sensor; tool; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified formaldehyde (FA) as a carcinogen based on inhalation caused squamous cell carcinoma in rats and leukemia and nasopharyngeal cancer in humans. Formaldehyde may also be a cause of sinonasal cancer in humans. Infants are particularly susceptible to effects from FA, most likely as a result of the immaturity of their organs and immune system and the time that they spend indoors where FA concentrations are elevated. It was recently reported that exposure while living in housing with levels of 10ppm was correlated with increased risks of lower respiratory tract (32%) and wheezy lower respiratory tract (41%) infections in the first five years of life. Recent studies have shown that exposure to FA results in microRNA changes in the nasal epithelium with subsequent effects on apoptosis signaling. These more serious health effects have been clearly documented at concentrations that are typical in the home and above the NIOSH recommendation and the legal OSHA limit (see below). However, even near the OSHA standard, some people experience burning in the eyes, nose or throat, coughing and even nausea. Formaldehyde is ubiquitous and everyone is exposed by inhalation at some level, both indoors and outdoors. The OSHA, legally enforced, exposure limit for an eight-hour weighted average is 0.75ppm. The short-term exposure limit is 2ppm for a fifteen-minute period. The NIOSH recommended eight-hour exposure limit is 0.016ppm with a short-term recommendation of less than 0.1ppm exposure. Outdoor concentrations are usually in a range from 0.8ppm to 16ppm, but up to 5x higher in heavy traffic. A global indoor concentration range of 3 to 500ppm has been reported with U.S. levels in nonmanufacturing areas such as schools in a range from 3 to 65ppm. The availability of the devices proposed in this document allow for individuals to protect their health by limiting their exposure as it occurs and not simply being tod of exposure at a time when it is too late to rectify the situation. However, there is a second benefit to these new devices. NIH has an established interest in the correlation of exposure to toxic chemicals with measured health effects. Our proposed sensors record cumulative data and allow immediate measurements of exposure so that health researchers can connect the exposure data to health effects. The innovative advantage of our proposed sensors over current time-averaging devices is the real-time record. Researchers will have the data to determine whether measured health effects were the result of long-term exposure exceeding limits or excessive short-term exposure, so that the biological response can be better correlated and understood, leading to safer exposure limits both in the workplace and in homes.

描述（由申请人提供）：国际癌症研究机构分类甲醛（FA）是一种基于吸入的致癌物，导致大鼠，白血病和鼻咽癌的鳞状细胞癌。甲醛也可能是人类鼻鼻癌的原因。婴儿特别容易受到FA的影响，这很可能是由于其器官和免疫系统的不成熟，以及在FA浓度升高的室内花费的时间。最近有报道说，住在10ppm水平的住房时暴露与下五种呼吸道的风险增加（32％）和低呼吸的下呼吸道（41％）感染 生活年。最近的研究表明，接触FA会导致鼻上皮的microRNA变化，随后对凋亡信号传导的影响。这些更严重的健康效应已清楚地记录在家庭中典型的浓度和更高的NIOSH建议和合法的OSHA限制（见下文）。但是，即使在OSHA标准附近，有些人也会在眼睛，鼻子或喉咙，咳嗽甚至恶心中燃烧。甲醛无处不在，每个人都在某种程度上在室内和室外吸入。合法执行的OSHA的曝光量为8小时的平均值为0.75ppm。短期暴露限制为15分钟的2ppm。 NIOSH建议的八小时暴露限制为0.016ppm，短期建议小于0.1ppm。室外浓度通常在0.8ppm到16ppm的范围内，但交通繁忙5倍。据报道，全球室内浓度范围为3至500ppm，美国在非制造区域（例如3至65ppm）等非制造区域的水平。本文档中提出的设备的可用性允许个人通过限制其暴露时保护自己的健康，而不仅仅是在为时已晚以无法纠正这种情况的时候被暴露。但是，这些新设备有第二个好处。 NIH对接触有毒化学物质的相关性与测量的健康效应具有牢固的兴趣。我们提出的传感器记录累积数据并允许立即测量暴露，以便健康研究人员可以将暴露数据与健康效应联系起来。我们提出的传感器比当前时间平移设备的创新优势是实时记录。研究人员将拥有数据来确定测量的健康效应是否是长期暴露超过限制或过度短期暴露的结果，以便可以更好地相关和理解生物学反应，从而导致工作场所和家庭中的更安全的暴露限制。