Investigating Optical and Neural Causes of Vision Loss

研究视力丧失的光学和神经原因

• 批准号: 9071857
• 负责人: Mahnaz Shahidi
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: JESSE BROWN VA MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9071857
• 关键词: Age; Age related macular degeneration; Age-Years; Aging; Area; Automobile Driving; Blindness; Coupled; Degenerative Disorder; Development; Elderly; Eye; Eye diseases; Face; Functional disorder; Goals; Growth; Knowledge; Measurement; Methods; Optics; Outcome; Patient Education; Patients; Peripheral; Play; Population; Prevalence; Process; Productivity; Public Health; Reading; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Project Grants; Retina; Retinal; Role; Sampling; Speed; Staging; Stimulus; System; Techniques; Technology; United States; Veterans; Vision; Visual Acuity; Visual impairment; abstracting; adaptive optics; base; density; fovea centralis; improved; innovation; novel; optical imaging; relating to nervous system; sample fixation; visual performance

Project Summary / Abstract Vision loss has become a major public health problem due to the growth and aging of the population. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of vision loss in people over 50 years of age. In the United States, over 10 million people have AMD and over 1.6 million people age 50 and older have late-stage advanced AMD. It is well established that AMD patients with central vision loss use preferred retinal loci (PRL) which are peripheral retinal areas adjacent to the fovea for performing daily activities, such as reading. However, even in healthy eyes, peripheral vision is limited due to reduced neural sampling density compared to the fovea. Additionally, the function of the peripheral retina can be further reduced in patients, owing to degenerative disease processes. These neural substrate losses are coupled with losses in the quality of the optical image on the retina. Optical imperfections increase with age and off-axis viewing, compared to viewing along the optical axis of the eye. The combination of these factors plays a significant role in reducing visual performance of patients with eccentric fixation. The long term goal of the project is to improve the visual performance of veterans with central vision loss by development of innovative approaches that will optimize the benefit of vision rehabilitation techniques. In the current proposal, optical and neural losses will be assessed in AMD patients with central vision loss using novel techniques. Increased optical losses due to age and viewing off the optical axis of the eye will be established with wavefront analysis technology. Increased neural losses due to retinal dysfunction at PRL will be determined based on measurement of visual acuity with blurred stimuli. Improvement in reading speed will be evaluated, conditional on neural losses at PRL and/or the stability of PRL, after compensating for optical losses with our adaptive optics system. The findings will provide knowledge of PRL function and stability that is beneficial for improving the outcome of available vision rehabilitation methods that train patients to better use their PRLs. Also, customized correction of optical imperfections of the eye for effectively improving visual performance can be developed as an approach for better vision rehabilitation of patients. Optimizing vision rehabilitation of our veterans will allow them to maintain function and productivity.

项目总结/摘要 视力丧失已成为一个主要的公共卫生问题，由于增长和老龄化， 人口视网膜相关性黄斑变性（AMD）是视力丧失的最常见原因 在50岁以上的人群中。在美国，超过1000万人患有AMD及以上 1.6 50岁及以上的人患有晚期晚期AMD。已充分证实 具有中心视力丧失的AMD患者使用优选的视网膜位点（PRL），其是外周视网膜的。 与中央凹相邻的区域，用于进行日常活动，例如阅读。然而，即使在 健康的眼睛，周边视觉是有限的，由于减少神经采样密度相比， 中央凹此外，患者的周边视网膜功能可能进一步降低， 由于退化性疾病的过程。这些神经基质损失与 视网膜上光学图像质量的损失。光学缺陷随年龄增长而增加 和离轴观察。的组合 这些因素在降低偏心患者的视觉表现中起着重要作用。 固定该项目的长期目标是改善退伍军人的视觉表现， 通过开发创新方法来优化中心视力丧失的益处， 视力康复技术。在目前的提案中，光学和神经损失将是 使用新技术评估伴有中心视力丧失的AMD患者。增加的光学 由于年龄和偏离眼睛的光轴观看而引起的损失将通过波前建立 分析技术由于PRL时视网膜功能障碍导致的神经损失增加将是 基于对模糊刺激的视觉敏锐度的测量来确定。改善阅读 将评估速度，条件是PRL的神经损失和/或PRL的稳定性， 用我们的自适应光学系统补偿光学损失。调查结果将提供 PRL功能和稳定性的知识，这有利于改善现有的结果 训练患者更好地使用PRL的视力康复方法。此外，定制 用于有效改善视觉性能的眼睛的光学缺陷的矫正可以 作为一种更好的患者视力康复方法而开发。优化视力 我们的退伍军人的康复将使他们能够保持功能和生产力。