Multidisciplinary Study of Race Appearance Ancestry Discrimination & Prejudice

多学科研究种族、外表、血统、歧视和 偏见 摘要 美国民权运动发生在近半个世纪前，但严重的种族差距仍然存在 健康和正义。消除这些差距是许多人的共同目标，包括生物医学 研究人员、医生、法律学者和律师。美国人的概念化方式 与主导20世纪初的绝对论观点相比，种族的差异更加微妙。种族 歧视本身就是一个健康风险因素，而且已知会因外表而异(例如皮肤色素沉着)。一个 越来越多的美国人不属于一个明确的种族类别，这是一个困扰着他们的问题 研究人员(生物医学和社会学)，并阻碍我们努力了解遗传和 造成这种差异的环境因素和基因-环境相互作用。尽管如此，政策 为解决差距和促进平等而实施的机制继续依赖于 绝对的竞赛。我们如何看待种族、外表和祖先可能对今天的 显性和隐性种族主义的表现和理解这些关系可能会提高我们的能力 制定有效的政策和教育工具，消除卫生和司法方面的差距。 我把我的职业生涯和训练献给了把种族作为一种生物文化现象和终极的研究。 消除健康和司法方面的种族差异的目标。拟议的职业发展计划是为 我的多学科背景，旨在帮助我在 多学科学院或一流大学的双系任命。有导师的支持 来自不同学科的杰出学者--包括主要导师和种族/民族/血统 专家，Charmaine Royal博士；ELSI学者Robert Cook-Deegan博士；法学教授Guy-Uriel Charles)，我 我将加强我之前在人类学、遗传学和法律方面的培训，并为自己的职业生涯做好准备 通过(1)获得社会科学研究、设计和分析以及多变量方面的额外培训来实现独立 统计分析；(2)在DNA血统测试、种族认同问题、 和少数民族人群；(3)开发跨学科课程的有效教学技术 观众；(4)提高我的勇气；(5)在我的领域发表更多的法律评论文章 专业知识；以及(6)建立协作、多学科的关系。职业发展计划包括 正规培训、非正式讲习班、定期研讨会和参加国家专业会议，以 保持对人类学、遗传学和ELSI主题的最新理解，同时建立我的法律 出版记录和我独立研究议程的基础。 这项拟议的研究试图利用多学科来解决健康和司法方面的种族差异。 接近。首先，这个项目将涉及生物人类学研究，以探索两者之间的关系 分类种族、外貌、家谱祖先、感知祖先和基因组祖先。第二, 该项目将涉及法律研究，以探索刑事和民事法律背景下的种族差异 更恰当地归因于外表或感知的祖先，而不是绝对的种族以及如何 现有的法律框架可以处理更微妙的种族歧视形式。第三，这个项目将 参与文化人类学研究，探索对种族、外表和祖先的看法，以及 未来法律和医疗从业者的隐性种族偏见。综上所述，本课题的研究目标是 将对生物医学研究、医疗实践和法律实践产生广泛的影响，并将帮助我们 更接近于消除健康和司法方面的种族差距。

MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF RACE, APPEARANCE, ANCESTRY, DISCRIMINATION & PREJUDICE ABSTRACT The U.S. civil rights movement took place nearly a half century ago, yet significant racial disparities persist in health and justice. The elimination of these disparities is a goal shared by many, including biomedical researchers, medical practitioners, legal scholars, and attorneys. The way in which Americans conceptualize race is more nuanced than the categorical perspective that dominated the early 20th Century. Racial discrimination is itself a health risk factor and known to vary by appearance (e.g. skin pigmentation). A growing number of Americans do not fall within the clear confines of one racial category, an issue that plagues researchers (biomedical and sociological alike) and hinders our efforts to understand the genetic and environmental factors and gene-environment interactions that contribute to the disparities. Despite this, policy mechanisms implemented to resolve the disparities and promote equality continue to rely on concepts of categorical race. How we perceive race, appearance, and ancestry may have important implications for today's manifestations of explicit and implicit racism and understanding these relationships may improve our ability to develop effective policies and educational tools to eliminate disparities in health and justice. I have devoted my career and training to the study of race as a bio-cultural phenomenon and to the ultimate goal of eliminating racial disparities in health and justice. The proposed career development plan is tailored to my multidisciplinary background and is designed to help me secure a full-time faculty position in a multidisciplinary institute or a dual-departmental appointment at a premiere university. With mentor support from accomplished scholars from diverse disciplines - including primary mentor and race/ethnicity/ancestry expert, Dr. Charmaine Royal; ELSI scholar, Dr. Robert Cook-Deegan; and Law Professor Guy-Uriel Charles), I will enhance my prior training in anthropology, genetics, and law and prepare myself for professional independence by (1) gaining additional training in social science research design and analysis and multivariate statistical analysis; (2) gaining experience with research involving DNA ancestry testing, racial identity issues, and minority populations; (3) developing effective teaching techniques for courses with interdisciplinary audiences; (4) improving my grantsmanship; (5) publishing additional law review articles in my area of expertise; and (6) building collaborative, multidisciplinary relationships. The career development plan consists of formal training, informal workshops, regular seminars, and attendance at national professional meetings to maintain a current understanding of anthropology, genetics, and ELSI topics while building my legal publication record and the foundation for my independent research agenda. This proposed research seeks to address racial disparities in health and justice using a multidisciplinary approach. First, this project will involve biological anthropology research to explore the relationships between categorical race, physical appearance, genealogical ancestry, perceived ancestry, and genomic ancestry. Second, this project will involve legal research to explore whether racial disparities in criminal and civil legal contexts are more appropriately attributable to appearance or perceived ancestry as opposed to categorical race and how the existing legal framework can address more nuanced forms of racial discrimination. Third, this project will involve cultural anthropology research to explore the perceptions of race, appearance, and ancestry and the implicit racial prejudices of future legal and medical practitioners. Together, the research aims of this project will have broad implications for biomedical research, medical practice, and legal practice and will help us come closer to eliminating racial disparities in health and justice.