Multidisciplinary Study of Race Appearance Ancestry Discrimination & Prejudice

描述（由申请人提供）：美国民权运动发生在近半个世纪前，但在健康和司法方面仍然存在重大的种族差异。消除这些差异是许多人的共同目标，包括生物医学研究人员，医疗从业者，法律的学者和律师。美国人对种族概念化的方式比世纪初占主导地位的绝对观点更加微妙。种族歧视本身就是一个健康风险因素，而且已知因外表（如皮肤色素沉着）而异。越来越多的美国人不属于一个种族类别的明确范围内，这个问题困扰着研究人员（生物医学和社会学），并阻碍了我们努力了解导致差异的遗传和环境因素以及基因-环境相互作用。尽管如此，为解决差异和促进平等而实施的政策机制仍然依赖绝对种族概念。我们如何看待种族、外貌和血统可能对今天显性和隐性种族主义的表现有重要影响，理解这些关系可能会提高我们制定有效政策和教育工具的能力，以消除健康和正义方面的差距。我把我的职业生涯和训练都献给了种族作为一种生物文化现象的研究，以及消除健康和正义方面种族差异的最终目标。拟议的职业发展计划是根据我的多学科背景量身定制的，旨在帮助我在多学科研究所获得全职教师职位，或在一流大学获得双系任命。在来自不同学科的成就学者的导师支持下-包括主要导师和种族/民族/血统专家Charmaine皇家博士; ELSI学者Robert Cook-Deegan博士;和法学教授盖伊-乌列尔·查尔斯），我将加强我在人类学，遗传学，和法律，并准备自己的专业独立性（1）获得社会科学研究设计和分析以及多元统计分析方面的额外培训;（2）获得涉及DNA祖先测试，种族身份问题和少数民族人口的研究经验;（3）为跨学科的课程开发有效的教学技术;（4）提高我的专业水平;（5）在我的专业领域发表更多的法律评论文章;（6）建立合作，多学科的关系。职业发展计划包括正式培训，非正式讲习班，定期研讨会，并参加国家专业会议，以保持对人类学，遗传学和ELSI主题的当前理解，同时建立我的法律的出版记录和我的独立研究议程的基础。这项拟议中的研究旨在利用多学科方法解决健康和司法方面的种族差异。首先，这个项目将涉及生物人类学研究，探索分类种族，外表，家谱祖先，感知祖先和基因组祖先之间的关系。第二，该项目将涉及法律的研究，探讨刑事和民事法律的背景下的种族差异是否更适合归因于外表或感知的祖先，而不是绝对的种族，以及现有的法律的框架如何能够解决更微妙的种族歧视形式。第三，这个项目将涉及文化人类学研究，以探讨种族，外观和祖先的看法和未来的法律的和医疗从业者的隐性种族偏见。总之，该项目的研究目标将对生物医学研究，医疗实践和法律的实践产生广泛的影响，并将帮助我们更接近消除健康和司法方面的种族差异。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The U.S. civil rights movement took place nearly a half century ago, yet significant racial disparities persist in health and justice. The elimination of these disparities is a goal shared by many, including biomedical researchers, medical practitioners, legal scholars, and attorneys. The way in which Americans conceptualize race is more nuanced than the categorical perspective that dominated the early 20th Century. Racial discrimination is itself a health risk factor and known to vary by appearance (e.g. skin pigmentation). A growing number of Americans do not fall within the clear confines of one racial category, an issue that plagues researchers (biomedical and sociological alike) and hinders our efforts to understand the genetic and environmental factors and gene-environment interactions that contribute to the disparities. Despite this, policy mechanisms implemented to resolve the disparities and promote equality continue to rely on concepts of categorical race. How we perceive race, appearance, and ancestry may have important implications for today's manifestations of explicit and implicit racism and understanding these relationships may improve our ability to develop effective policies and educational tools to eliminate disparities in health and justice. I have devoted my career and training to the study of race as a bio-cultural phenomenon and to the ultimate goal of eliminating racial disparities in health and justice. The proposed career development plan is tailored to my multidisciplinary background and is designed to help me secure a full-time faculty position in a multidisciplinary institute or a dual-departmental appointment at a premiere university. With mentor support from accomplished scholars from diverse disciplines - including primary mentor and race/ethnicity/ancestry expert, Dr. Charmaine Royal; ELSI scholar, Dr. Robert Cook-Deegan; and Law Professor Guy-Uriel Charles), I will enhance my prior training in anthropology, genetics, and law and prepare myself for professional independence by (1) gaining additional training in social science research design and analysis and multivariate statistical analysis; (2) gaining experience with research involving DNA ancestry testing, racial identity issues, and minority populations; (3) developing effective teaching techniques for courses with interdisciplinary audiences; (4) improving my grantsmanship; (5) publishing additional law review articles in my area of expertise; and (6) building collaborative, multidisciplinary relationships. The career development plan consists of formal training, informal workshops, regular seminars, and attendance at national professional meetings to maintain a current understanding of anthropology, genetics, and ELSI topics while building my legal publication record and the foundation for my independent research agenda. This proposed research seeks to address racial disparities in health and justice using a multidisciplinary approach. First, this project will involve biological anthropology research to explore the relationships between categorical race, physical appearance, genealogical ancestry, perceived ancestry, and genomic ancestry. Second, this project will involve legal research to explore whether racial disparities in criminal and civil legal contexts are more appropriately attributable to appearance or perceived ancestry as opposed to categorical race and how the existing legal framework can address more nuanced forms of racial discrimination. Third, this project will involve cultural anthropology research to explore the perceptions of race, appearance, and ancestry and the implicit racial prejudices of future legal and medical practitioners. Together, the research aims of this project will have broad implications for biomedical research, medical practice, and legal practice and will help us come closer to eliminating racial disparities in health and justice.