Validation of a System for Noninvasive Monitoring of Cigarette Smoking

描述（由申请人提供）：吸烟是美国可预防性死亡的首要原因。吸烟每年在美国造成超过44万人死亡，估计每年造成1670亿美元与健康有关的经济损失。现有的吸烟评估方法（例如，自我报告、便携式烟雾地形仪器）不允许收集准确的、无反应的吸烟行为测量，这些测量不能捕捉实时吸烟频率和全面的卷烟内烟雾地形。该项目的目标是完成一种非侵入式可穿戴系统（个人自动卷烟追踪器- PACT）的开发，该系统不依赖于任何形式的自我报告，也不会干扰个人的自然吸烟行为，开发监测烟雾暴露的新功能，在不受约束的环境中充分验证PACT，评估PACT是否可以检测便携式烟雾地形设备的使用是否会影响吸烟行为。比较PACT和PTI测量的烟雾暴露指标与常用的烟雾暴露生物标志物的相关性强度，并确定在自然环境中收集的烟雾暴露指标是否与吸烟的严重程度和吸烟地点相关。在方法上，PACT依赖于：1。用于监测呼吸和手对嘴手势的可穿戴传感器。将微型传感器集成到一条松紧带中，佩戴在普通衣服下，监测个人的呼吸和活动模式。2. 利用信号的计算机算法

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Smoking produces over 440,000 deaths each year in this country and generates an estimated $167 billion in annual health-related economic losses. Available methods of smoking assessment (e.g., self-report, portable puff-topography instruments) do not permit the collection of accurate, non-reactive measures of smoking behavior that capture real-time smoking frequency and comprehensive within-cigarette puff topography. The objective of this project is to complete development of a non-invasive wearable system (Personal Automatic Cigarette Tracker - PACT) that does not rely on any form of self-report and does not interfere with the natural smoking behavior of an individual, develop new capabilities for monitoring of smoke exposure, fully validate PACT in unconstrained settings, evaluate if PACT can detect whether the use of portable puff topography devices affect smoking behavior, compare the strength of correlation of metrics of smoke exposure measured by PACT and PTI with commonly used smoke-exposure biomarkers, and determine whether smoke exposure metrics collected in the natural environment are related to heaviness of smoking and smoking location. Methodologically, PACT relies on: 1. Wearable sensors for monitoring of breathing and hand-to-mouth gestures. Miniature sensors integrated into an elastic belt worn under regular clothing monitor the breathing and activity patterns of individuals. 2. Computer algorithms utilizing signal processing and pattern recognition methods for analysis of the sensor signals, detection of patterns uniquely identifying smoking events, and computation of smoke exposure metrics. The validation of the PACT system will be addressed in six Specific Aims: Aim 1. Perform pilot testing of the new generation of the PACT device and collect data for algorithm development. Aim 2. Improve computer algorithms to recognize individual smoke inhalations, develop algorithms for characterization of smoke exposure and investigate algorithms' accuracy as a function of users' anthropometric characteristics (gender, BMI, etc.). Aim 3. Validate PACT in unconstrained settings. Aim 4. Evaluate difference in smoking behavior metrics monitored by puff topography and PACT. Aim 5. Evaluate associations between common smoking biomarkers and smoke exposure metrics from PTI and PACT. Aim 6. Examine the extent to which smoking metrics derived from PACT are related to level of smoking and smoking location. This set of Specific Aims will build on the prototype developed in a previous R21 grant, bring the device and associated data processing methods to maturity, enable practical use of PACT in studies of smoking behavior, and facilitate novel applications allowing for real-time feedback to smokers.