Validation of a System for Noninvasive Monitoring of Cigarette Smoking

描述(申请人提供)：吸烟是美国可预防死亡的主要原因。在这个国家，吸烟每年造成超过44万人死亡，估计每年产生1670亿美元的与健康相关的经济损失。现有的吸烟评估方法(例如，自我报告、便携式喷雾地形测量仪)不允许收集准确的、非反应性的吸烟行为测量，这些测量捕捉实时吸烟频率和全面的香烟内喷雾地形。该项目的目标是完成非侵入性可穿戴系统(个人自动香烟跟踪器-PACT)的开发，该系统不依赖任何形式的自我报告，不干扰个人的自然吸烟行为，开发新的烟雾暴露监测能力，在不受限制的环境中充分验证PACT，评估PACT是否可以检测使用便携式喷雾地形设备是否影响吸烟行为，比较PACT和PTI测量的烟雾暴露指标与常用的烟雾暴露生物标志物的相关性强度，并确定在自然环境中收集的烟雾暴露指标是否与吸烟严重程度和吸烟地点有关。在方法上，PACT依赖于：1.用于监测呼吸和手对嘴手势的可穿戴传感器。微型传感器集成在常规服装下的弹性腰带中，监测个人的呼吸和活动模式。2.利用信号的计算机算法 用于分析传感器信号、检测唯一识别吸烟事件的模式以及计算烟雾暴露度量的处理和模式识别方法。PACT系统的验证将在六个具体目标中进行：目标1.对新一代PACT设备进行试点测试，并为算法开发收集数据。目的2.改进识别个人烟雾吸入的计算机算法，开发描述烟雾暴露的算法，并研究算法的准确性与用户的人体测量特征(性别、BMI等)的函数关系。目标3.在不受约束的情况下验证PACT。目的4.评价烟雾法和PACT法监测的吸烟行为指标的差异。目的5.从PTI和PACT中评估常见吸烟生物标志物与吸烟暴露指标之间的关联。目的6.检验从PACT中得出的吸烟指标与吸烟水平和吸烟地点之间的关系。这套特定的目标将建立在之前的R21拨款中开发的原型之上，使该设备和相关的数据处理方法成熟，使PACT能够在吸烟行为研究中实际使用，并促进允许向吸烟者提供实时反馈的新型应用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Smoking produces over 440,000 deaths each year in this country and generates an estimated $167 billion in annual health-related economic losses. Available methods of smoking assessment (e.g., self-report, portable puff-topography instruments) do not permit the collection of accurate, non-reactive measures of smoking behavior that capture real-time smoking frequency and comprehensive within-cigarette puff topography. The objective of this project is to complete development of a non-invasive wearable system (Personal Automatic Cigarette Tracker - PACT) that does not rely on any form of self-report and does not interfere with the natural smoking behavior of an individual, develop new capabilities for monitoring of smoke exposure, fully validate PACT in unconstrained settings, evaluate if PACT can detect whether the use of portable puff topography devices affect smoking behavior, compare the strength of correlation of metrics of smoke exposure measured by PACT and PTI with commonly used smoke-exposure biomarkers, and determine whether smoke exposure metrics collected in the natural environment are related to heaviness of smoking and smoking location. Methodologically, PACT relies on: 1. Wearable sensors for monitoring of breathing and hand-to-mouth gestures. Miniature sensors integrated into an elastic belt worn under regular clothing monitor the breathing and activity patterns of individuals. 2. Computer algorithms utilizing signal processing and pattern recognition methods for analysis of the sensor signals, detection of patterns uniquely identifying smoking events, and computation of smoke exposure metrics. The validation of the PACT system will be addressed in six Specific Aims: Aim 1. Perform pilot testing of the new generation of the PACT device and collect data for algorithm development. Aim 2. Improve computer algorithms to recognize individual smoke inhalations, develop algorithms for characterization of smoke exposure and investigate algorithms' accuracy as a function of users' anthropometric characteristics (gender, BMI, etc.). Aim 3. Validate PACT in unconstrained settings. Aim 4. Evaluate difference in smoking behavior metrics monitored by puff topography and PACT. Aim 5. Evaluate associations between common smoking biomarkers and smoke exposure metrics from PTI and PACT. Aim 6. Examine the extent to which smoking metrics derived from PACT are related to level of smoking and smoking location. This set of Specific Aims will build on the prototype developed in a previous R21 grant, bring the device and associated data processing methods to maturity, enable practical use of PACT in studies of smoking behavior, and facilitate novel applications allowing for real-time feedback to smokers.