Communicating harm of new tobacco products

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管在过去几十年中，公众教育活动取得了重大成果，但许多人仍然低估了烟草使用的风险。新的和替代烟草产品的积极营销使这种情况更加复杂，如鼻烟，溶解剂和电子烟。需要及时采取公共卫生应对措施，包括就烟草产品对健康的影响和新烟草产品的监管进行更细致的沟通。尽管自2006年以来，新的烟草产品已经在美国上市，但研究有效反信息的研究几乎不存在。建议的项目将通过三个具体目标确定传达烟草产品危害的有效方法：（1）确定关键特征（例如，具体疾病的名称，描述受影响的身体部位，或列出有害化学物质）的信息和情感反烟草信息。(2)比较信息性信息和联合收割机信息与情感诉求相结合的信息对烟草制品危害的感知、使用烟草制品的意图以及对这些产品监管的态度的影响。(3)确定关于香烟和新型烟草产品的传播如何明显影响不同亚群（当前吸烟者、前吸烟者和非吸烟者）对反烟草信息的信息处理和反应。目标1的工作将在K99阶段进行，在这一阶段确定的情感和信息信息的主要特征将为目标2（R 00阶段）的测试提供反烟草信息的开发。在R 00阶段，我将进行一系列的四项研究，以不同的信息主题（如成瘾，烟草制品的有害成分或二手烟），不同的烟草制品（香烟和新型烟草制品）和不同的人群（当前和以前的吸烟者和非吸烟者）来测试目标2的假设。将汇总这些研究的数据，以通过综合数据分析实现目标3，这也将在R 00阶段进行。在评估反烟草信息的效果时，该项目将超越过去在香烟警告标签研究中占主导地位的图像/文字二分法。拟议的研究将指导的新概念模型的处理和结果的反烟草信息，并将检查两个理想的反应的消息和不理想的反应，如消息回避或反应，另一个领域的研究反烟草的信息，只收到有限的实证关注。这一提议将使我能够在烟草控制多学科专家团队的指导下，扩大我在烟草控制、监管科学、先进统计方法和行为干预方面的培训，并为我开展独立研究生涯提供关键的初步数据。这项研究与开发新的有效工具直接相关，以抵制新型烟草产品的日益推广，并将为FDA关于新的和成熟的烟草产品的政策制定和教育工作提供信息，包括图形警告标签。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite significant gains achieved by public education campaigns in past decades, many people still underestimate the risks of tobacco use. The situation is compounded by aggressive marketing of new and alternative tobacco products, such as snus, dissolvables, and electronic cigarettes. A timely public health response comprising more nuanced communication about health effects of tobacco products and regulation of new tobacco products is needed. Although new tobacco products have been marketed in the US since 2006, research examining effective counter-messages has been virtually nonexistent. The proposed project will determine effective ways to communicate harm of tobacco products by pursuing three Specific Aims: (1) Identify key features (e.g., naming specific diseases, depicting affected body parts, or listing harmful chemicals) of informational and emotional anti-tobacco messages. (2) Compare the effects of informational messages and those that combine information with emotional appeals on perceptions of harm of tobacco products, intentions to use tobacco products, and attitudes towards regulation of these products. (3) Determine how communication about cigarettes vs. novel tobacco products distinctly impacts message processing and responses to anti-tobacco messages among different subpopulations - current smokers, former smokers, and non-smokers. Work on Aim 1 will happen during the K99 phase and the key features of emotional and informational messages determined during this stage will inform development of anti-tobacco messages for testing in Aim 2 (R00 phase). During the R00 phase, I will run a series of four studies to test hypotheses of Aim 2 with different message topics (such as addiction, harmful constituents of tobacco products, or second-hand smoke), with various tobacco products (cigarettes and novel tobacco products), and in different populations (current and former smokers and non-smokers). The data from these studies will be pooled to accomplish Aim 3 through integrative data analysis, which will also occur in the R00 stage. In evaluating effects of anti-tobacco messages this project will go beyond the image/text dichotomy that dominated past research on cigarette warning labels. The proposed studies will be guided by the new conceptual model of processing and outcomes of anti-tobacco messages and will examine both desirable responses to the message and undesirable responses, such as message avoidance or reactance, another area of research on anti-tobacco messages that has received only limited empirical attention. This proposal will enable me to expand my training in tobacco control, regulatory science, advanced statistical methods, and behavioral interventions under the mentorship of a multidisciplinary team of experts in tobacco control, and provide critical preliminary data for me to launch my independent research career. This research is directly relevant to the development of new effective tools to counteract the increased promotion of novel tobacco products and will inform the FDA's policymaking and educational efforts on new and established tobacco products, including graphic warning labels.