Communicating harm of new tobacco products

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管在过去的几十年里，公众教育运动取得了重大成果，但许多人仍然低估了烟草使用的风险。新的烟草产品和替代烟草产品，如鼻烟、可溶烟草和电子烟的积极营销，使情况更加复杂。需要及时作出公共卫生反应，包括就烟草制品的健康影响和对新烟草制品的管制进行更细致的沟通。尽管自2006年以来，新的烟草产品已经在美国上市，但检验有效反信息的研究实际上一直不存在。拟议的项目将通过追求三个具体目标，确定传达烟草制品危害的有效方式：(1)确定信息和情感反烟草信息的关键特征（例如，命名特定疾病，描绘受影响的身体部位，或列出有害化学品）。(2)比较信息性信息和将信息与情感呼吁结合起来的信息对烟草制品危害的认知、使用烟草制品的意图以及对这些制品的监管态度的影响。(3)确定关于卷烟与新型烟草制品的传播如何显著影响信息处理和不同亚人群（当前吸烟者、前吸烟者和非吸烟者）对反烟草信息的反应。Aim 1的工作将在K99阶段进行，在此阶段确定的情绪和信息信息的关键特征将为Aim 2 （R00阶段）测试的反烟草信息的开发提供信息。在R00阶段，我将进行一系列的四项研究，以不同的信息主题（如成瘾，烟草制品的有害成分，或二手烟），各种烟草制品（香烟和新型烟草制品），以及不同的人群（现在和以前的吸烟者和非吸烟者）来测试Aim 2的假设。这些研究的数据将通过综合数据分析进行汇总，以完成Aim 3，这也将发生在R00阶段。在评估反烟草信息的效果时，这个项目将超越过去主导香烟警告标签研究的图像/文字二分法。拟议的研究将以反烟草信息的处理和结果的新概念模型为指导，并将审查对信息的可取反应和不可取反应，例如信息回避或抗拒，这是反烟草信息研究的另一个领域，只得到有限的经验关注。这一提案将使我在控烟多学科专家团队的指导下，扩大我在控烟、监管科学、先进统计方法和行为干预方面的培训，并为我开始独立研究生涯提供关键的初步数据。这项研究与开发新的有效工具直接相关，以抵消新型烟草制品的日益推广，并将为FDA的政策制定和对新型和现有烟草制品的教育工作提供信息，包括图形警告标签。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite significant gains achieved by public education campaigns in past decades, many people still underestimate the risks of tobacco use. The situation is compounded by aggressive marketing of new and alternative tobacco products, such as snus, dissolvables, and electronic cigarettes. A timely public health response comprising more nuanced communication about health effects of tobacco products and regulation of new tobacco products is needed. Although new tobacco products have been marketed in the US since 2006, research examining effective counter-messages has been virtually nonexistent. The proposed project will determine effective ways to communicate harm of tobacco products by pursuing three Specific Aims: (1) Identify key features (e.g., naming specific diseases, depicting affected body parts, or listing harmful chemicals) of informational and emotional anti-tobacco messages. (2) Compare the effects of informational messages and those that combine information with emotional appeals on perceptions of harm of tobacco products, intentions to use tobacco products, and attitudes towards regulation of these products. (3) Determine how communication about cigarettes vs. novel tobacco products distinctly impacts message processing and responses to anti-tobacco messages among different subpopulations - current smokers, former smokers, and non-smokers. Work on Aim 1 will happen during the K99 phase and the key features of emotional and informational messages determined during this stage will inform development of anti-tobacco messages for testing in Aim 2 (R00 phase). During the R00 phase, I will run a series of four studies to test hypotheses of Aim 2 with different message topics (such as addiction, harmful constituents of tobacco products, or second-hand smoke), with various tobacco products (cigarettes and novel tobacco products), and in different populations (current and former smokers and non-smokers). The data from these studies will be pooled to accomplish Aim 3 through integrative data analysis, which will also occur in the R00 stage. In evaluating effects of anti-tobacco messages this project will go beyond the image/text dichotomy that dominated past research on cigarette warning labels. The proposed studies will be guided by the new conceptual model of processing and outcomes of anti-tobacco messages and will examine both desirable responses to the message and undesirable responses, such as message avoidance or reactance, another area of research on anti-tobacco messages that has received only limited empirical attention. This proposal will enable me to expand my training in tobacco control, regulatory science, advanced statistical methods, and behavioral interventions under the mentorship of a multidisciplinary team of experts in tobacco control, and provide critical preliminary data for me to launch my independent research career. This research is directly relevant to the development of new effective tools to counteract the increased promotion of novel tobacco products and will inform the FDA's policymaking and educational efforts on new and established tobacco products, including graphic warning labels.