Neural bases of alcohol-related decision-making

酒精相关决策的神经基础

• 批准号: 9097515
• 负责人: Brandon Oberlin
• 金额: $ 12.24万
• 依托单位: INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9097515
• 关键词: Abstinence; Addictive Behavior; Advisory Committees; Affect; Alcohol abuse; Alcoholic beverage heavy drinker; Alcoholism; Alcohols; Area; Attenuated; Beer; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Mechanisms; Brain; Brain region; Cerebrum; Choice Behavior; Clinical Treatment; Cognitive; Conditioned Stimulus; Corpus striatum structure; Crime; Decision Making; Disease; Distant; Drug Addiction; Drug Delivery Systems; Education; Environmental Risk Factor; Event; Extramural Activities; Family; Family history of; Flavoring; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Risk; Goals; Grant; Health; Heart; Human; Imagery; Impulsivity; Indiana; Individual; Intervention; Intoxication; Knowledge; Lateral; Lead; Life; Measures; Mentors; Methods; Modeling; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Parietal; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physiological; Proxy; Recording of previous events; Relapse; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Scientist; Services; Stimulus; Time; Training; Universities; Ventral Striatum; Withdrawal; Work; addiction; alcohol behavior; alcohol research; alcohol use disorder; analog; base; behavior measurement; behavioral economics; career; career development; cost; discount; discounting; disorder risk; drinking; drinking behavior; endophenotype; high risk; high risk drinking; improved; lost work time; medical complication; medical schools; neuroeconomics; neuromechanism; non-alcoholic; non-drug; paired stimuli; preference; problem drinker; relating to nervous system

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alcohol use disorders (AUD) cost billions of dollars in lost work time, crime, and medical complications, in addition to incalculable human misery. At the heart of all addiction disorders is a tendency to prefer the immediate reward of intoxication over all other future rewards, such as family, career development, and dignity. While research in this area has focused on impulsive choices for immediate smaller money rewards, versus larger delayed money rewards, the actual choice pattern that is made in AUD is immediate intoxication versus other larger delayed rewards. Understanding the cerebral vulnerabilities that may lead individuals to impulsive drinking instead requires assessing the brain mechanisms involved in the relative value of immediately present alcohol versus other rewards that are remote in time. By understanding the brain areas involved, their function in at-risk subjects, and how such brain activity can be manipulated using behavioral methods, we can better target addiction treatment. Aim 1 will demonstrate that measuring alcohol versus money choice is a better predictor of alcohol problems than the more standard "money versus money" choice. Aim 2 will utilize functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine how risk factors alter brain activity related to immediate alcohol choice. Aim 3 will determine how regional brain activity is biased by external stimuli (relapse triggers) during alcohol-related decision making. Aim 4 will determine how regional brain activity is biased by non-drug events that have the potential to bias choice away from intoxication. Aim 4, in particular, will inform clinical treatment of addictions by showing the mechanisms by which future orientation can alter addictive behavior. By utilizing a more precise model of AUD choice, the findings will bring the field of alcohol research closer to uncovering the brain mechanisms of this devastating disorder. In the course of performing these studies, the Primary Investigator, Dr. Brandon Oberlin, will receive extensive training and guidance from his mentor, Dr. David Kareken, and his advisory committee. Augmented by advanced coursework and supplemental education at the Indiana University School of Medicine, this grant mechanism will support and prepare him for his career as an independent scientist in the field of addiction research.

 描述(由申请人提供)：酒精使用障碍(AUD)造成数十亿美元的工作时间损失、犯罪和医疗并发症，以及无法估量的人类痛苦。所有成瘾障碍的核心是一种倾向，即比起所有其他未来的奖励，如家庭、职业发展和尊严，更喜欢醉酒的直接回报。虽然这一领域的研究主要集中在即刻较小的金钱奖励与较大的延迟金钱奖励的冲动选择上，但澳元的实际选择模式是立即陶醉而不是其他较大的延迟奖励。要想了解可能导致个人冲动饮酒的大脑脆弱性，需要评估立即呈现的酒精与其他时间遥远的奖励的相对价值所涉及的大脑机制。通过了解涉及的大脑区域，它们在高危受试者中的功能，以及如何使用行为方法来操纵这种大脑活动，我们可以更好地针对成瘾治疗。目标1将证明，与更标准的“金钱对金钱”选择相比，衡量酒精与金钱的选择更能预测酒精问题。目的2将利用功能磁共振成像(FMRI)来确定风险因素如何改变与立即饮酒相关的大脑活动。目标3将确定在与酒精相关的决策过程中，区域大脑活动如何受到外部刺激(复发触发因素)的影响。目标4将确定区域大脑活动如何受到非药物事件的偏见，这些事件有可能使选择远离醉酒。特别是，目标4将通过展示未来定向改变成瘾行为的机制来为成瘾的临床治疗提供信息。通过利用更精确的AUD选择模型，这些发现将使酒精研究领域更接近于揭示这种毁灭性疾病的大脑机制。在进行这些研究的过程中，首席调查员Brandon Oberlin博士将接受他的导师David Kareken博士和他的咨询委员会的广泛培训和指导。再加上印第安纳大学医学院的高级课程和补充教育，这一资助机制将为他作为成瘾研究领域的独立科学家的职业生涯提供支持和准备。