Immigration Enforcement and the Health of Immigrants and their Children

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 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project aims to understand how state and county immigration enforcement laws affect the health of undocumented immigrants (defined as individuals born outside the U.S. and not authorized to reside or work in the U.S.) and their children. Our focus will be on three sets of laws that vary over time and across states: 1) E- Verify mandates that require employers in an area to verify a prospective employee's work authorization using a national electronic system; 2) laws that regulate undocumented immigrants' access to driver's licenses; and, 3) laws that authorize local law enforcement agencies to check individuals' citizenship status and set in motion deportation proceedings. These laws are likely to increase environmental demands and/or reduce coping resources among undocumented immigrants and their families and therefore are likely to heighten acculturation stress and its negative health consequences. We test this proposition using 16 years of data (1998-2013) from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), an annual, cross-sectional household survey that adopts a nationally representative multistage probably sampling design. We will test whether the enactment of a given immigration enforcement law affects physical health, mental health, and access to health care for likely undocumented immigrants (identified through a proxy measure) and their children. Using regression analysis, we will compare geographic and temporal trends in health among a "treatment" population of likely undocumented immigrants who should be impacted by the relevant policies and a "control" population of comparable native-born whites before and after the enactment of each law. Additionally, we will assess whether the size of the local co-ethnic immigrant population moderates policy-health relationships for likely undocumented immigrants and their children, and we will explore whether restrictive immigration laws have unintended negative effects on the health of individuals who may be perceived to be undocumented immigrants (e.g., native-born Mexican Americans).