Ecology and evolution of multiple transmission modes: anther-smut disease

多种传播模式的生态学和进化：花药黑穗病

• 批准号: 9241568
• 负责人: JANIS ANTONOVICS
• 金额: $ 34.89万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-23 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9241568
• 关键词: Accounting; Biological Models; Biology; Data; Disease; Ecology; Epidemiology; Evolution; Formulation; Genetic Variation; Horizontal Disease Transmission; Measures; Modeling; Nature; Perception; Population; Prevalence; Process; Research; Route; Signal Transduction; Spatial Distribution; System; Virulence; Work; density; disease transmission; life history; pathogen; research study; response; simulation; systems research; theories; trait; transmission process; vector; vector transmission

This research will examine the epidemiological implications and evolution of multiple modes of disease transmission. Using simulation and theoretical analysis, general strategic models describing vector and aerial transmission in spatially extended populations will be developed concurrently with models applicable to anther-smut disease, a model system for studies of disease ecology in natural populations. Adaptive dynamics theory will be used to investigate how transmission mode evolves in response to different life history and epidemiological features. To apply that theory to a real-world system, this research will measure contributions of aerial and vector transmission in nature, study genetic variation and covariation in transmission mode in host populations, and look for the signals of transmission mode in natural populations where there is long-standing data on density and disease prevalence. This disease system is well characterized ecologically and genetically, and is a highly tractable model system allowing large and directed experimental studies of transmission modes in natural populations. A key advance is the formulation of transmission functions to take into account host spatial distributions, including the concept of a perception kernel to study vector transmission. Furthermore, the work breaks new ground by investigating the evolution of transmission mode itself, rather than the evolutionary consequences of transmission mode for other host and pathogen traits such as virulence. This study emphasizes that the evolution of transmission mode is a co-evolutionary process involving the interplay of both host and pathogen traits, as well as the biotic and abiotic environmental context.

这项研究将审查多种疾病传播方式的流行病学影响和演变。利用模拟和理论分析，描述空间扩展种群中媒介和空中传播的一般战略模型将与适用于花药黑穗病的模型同时开发，花药黑粉病是研究自然种群中疾病生态的模型系统。适应动力学理论将被用来研究传播模式如何随着不同的生活史和流行病学特征而演变。为了将这一理论应用到现实世界的系统中，这项研究将测量自然界中空中传播和媒介传播的贡献，研究宿主种群中传播模式的遗传变异和协变，并在有长期存在的密度和疾病流行率数据的自然种群中寻找传播模式的信号。这种疾病系统具有良好的生态和遗传学特征，是一个高度可处理的模型系统，允许对自然种群中的传播模式进行大规模和定向的实验研究。一个关键的进步是建立了考虑宿主空间分布的传播函数，包括研究媒介传播的感知核的概念。此外，这项工作通过研究传播方式本身的进化，而不是传播方式对其他宿主和病原体特性(如毒力)的进化后果，开辟了新的领域。这项研究强调，传播方式的进化是一个共同进化的过程，涉及寄主和病原体特性以及生物和非生物环境背景的相互作用。