Sleep Restriction and the Adolescent Diet: Impact and Mechanisms

睡眠限制和青少年饮食：影响和机制

• 批准号: 8918729
• 负责人: Dean W. Beebe
• 金额: $ 44.59万
• 依托单位: CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8918729
• 关键词: 17 year old; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Mechanisms; Biology; Brain; Brain region; Calories; Child; Childhood; Complex; Cross-Over Trials; Data; Development; Diet; Disease; Dose; Eating; Eating Behavior; Energy Intake; Equilibrium; Exposure to; Food; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Habits; Health; Healthcare; Human; Individual; Institute of Medicine (U.S.); Intake; Intervention; Life; Life Style; Link; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Neurosciences; Non obese; Obesity; Pattern; Perception; Physical activity; Pilot Projects; Prevention; Prevention program; Protocols documentation; Randomized; Recommendation; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Risk Factors; Schools; Science; Sleep; Sleep Disorders; Staging; Stimulus; System; Teenagers; Testing; Time; Work; behavioral response; biobehavior; control trial; craving; critical developmental period; experience; fast food; follow-up; food quality; high risk; improved; innovation; knowledge base; novel; obesity prevention; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sweet taste perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Obesity prevention has become a national health imperative, and may be exceptionally important yet particularly difficult during adolescence. Adolescents develop enduring lifestyle patterns in their dietary choices and activity levels that can set the stage for life-long obesity, so it is essential that the field identify novel modifiabl factors that impact the lifestyle patterns of adolescents. This study tests a promising new target for prevention efforts. Our group has collected pilot data that builds upon prior correlational findings in children and experimental findings in adults to suggest that sleep restriction (SR) causes adolescents to eat more calories without increasing their physical activity. If these pilot findings are confirmed in a larger, more definitive study, obesity prevention efforts could be augmented by strategies to alleviate SR, which is known to be extremely common among adolescents. Further, our pilot findings with adolescents extend prior adult research to suggest that the mechanism for this effect is a particular increase in the reward value of sweet/ dessert foods, causing them to be eaten in greater amounts, to be perceived more positively, and to elicit more activation of reward-related brain regions on fMRI during SR. Confirmation of these pilot findings will inform the complex bio-behavioral foundations of obesity, and identify secondary points of intervention for occasions when an adolescent's sleep is inadequate due to unusual circumstances or to an intractable sleep disorder. However, before such benefits can be realized, the field must overcome significant gaps in our knowledge base. Our pilot studies yielded intriguing findings, but were too small and methodologically limited to be definitive. Othe pediatric findings have come almost exclusively from correlational studies, greatly limiting causal inferences. Adult SR findings also are difficult to apply to adolescents because of multiple methodological and developmental factors. We propose to overcome these limitations with a well-powered mechanistic study that balances experimental rigor with real-world relevance during the high-risk period of adolescence. Healthy, non- obese 14-17 year-olds will undergo a randomized cross-over trial of an experimental sleep manipulation across 5-night periods (simulating a school week), comparing nightly sleep of (a) ~9 hr., the recommendation for healthy sleep vs. (b) ~6.3 hr., which many teens experience on school nights (SR). Lab assessments of teens' perception of, and brain responses to, specific foods will be paired with measures of real-world dietary and activity patterns to definitively test (a) the effect of SR on te caloric intake and activity of healthy adolescents, (b) the effect of SR on the rewarding quality o calorie-dense foods, and (c) the link between changes in caloric intake and the rewarding quality of food. Analyses will further explore whether risk factors for obesity identify which adolescents are especially vulnerable to the effect of SR on caloric intake. Findings will have direct implications for improving obesity prevention and for discoveries into obesity's complex bio-behavioral mechanisms.

描述（由申请人提供）：预防肥胖已经成为国家健康的当务之急，在青少年时期可能特别重要，但也特别困难。青少年在饮食选择和活动水平上形成持久的生活方式模式，这可能为终身肥胖奠定基础，因此，该领域有必要确定影响青少年生活方式模式的新的可改变因素。这项研究为预防工作测试了一个有希望的新目标。我们的研究小组收集了一些试点数据，这些数据建立在先前儿童的相关发现和成人的实验发现之上，表明睡眠限制（SR）会导致青少年摄入更多的卡路里，而不会增加他们的身体活动。如果这些初步研究结果在更大、更明确的研究中得到证实，那么可以通过减轻SR的策略来加强肥胖预防工作，众所周知，SR在青少年中非常普遍。此外，我们对青少年的初步研究结果扩展了之前的成人研究，表明这种效应的机制是甜食/甜点食物奖励价值的特别增加，导致他们吃得更多，被认为更积极，并在sr期间引发更多的fMRI上与奖励相关的大脑区域的激活。这些初步研究结果的确认将为肥胖的复杂生物行为基础提供信息。当青少年由于特殊情况或顽固性睡眠障碍导致睡眠不足时，确定辅助干预点。然而，在实现这些好处之前，该领域必须克服我们知识库中的重大空白。我们的初步研究产生了有趣的发现，但规模太小，方法上也受到限制，无法确定。其他儿科研究结果几乎完全来自相关研究，极大地限制了因果推论。由于多种方法学和发育因素，成人SR的研究结果也难以适用于青少年。我们建议通过一项强有力的机制研究来克服这些局限性，该研究在青春期的高风险时期平衡了实验的严谨性和现实世界的相关性。健康、非肥胖的14-17岁儿童将接受一项随机交叉试验，在5个晚上（模拟学校一周）进行实验性睡眠操作，比较每晚睡眠时间(a) ~9小时。与(b) ~6.3小时的建议健康睡眠相比。这是许多青少年在学校之夜（SR）经历的。对青少年对特定食物的感知和大脑反应的实验室评估将与现实世界饮食和活动模式的测量相结合，以明确测试(a) SR对健康青少年热量摄入和活动的影响，(b) SR对高热量食物的有益质量的影响，以及(c)热量摄入变化与食物有益质量之间的联系。分析将进一步探讨肥胖的危险因素是否确定哪些青少年特别容易受到SR对热量摄入的影响。研究结果将对改善肥胖预防和发现肥胖复杂的生物行为机制具有直接意义。