Impact of Well-Timed vs. Mis-timed Sleep Extension on Adolescents’ Dietary Intake

适时延长睡眠与不适时延长睡眠对青少年膳食摄入量的影响

• 批准号: 10468610
• 负责人: Dean W. Beebe
• 金额: $ 67.95万
• 依托单位: CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10468610
• 关键词: 18 year old; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Adverse effects; Affect; Age; Beds; Biological Clocks; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Body mass index; Calories; Characteristics; Childhood; Circadian desynchrony; Consumption; Data; Development; Diet; Dietary Practices; Dietary intake; Energy Intake; Food; Foundations; Future; Goals; Health; Individual; Individual Differences; Intake; Intervention; Knowledge; Learning; Life; Link; Macronutrients Nutrition; Measures; Mediating; Morbidity - disease rate; Obesity; Persons; Phase; Physical activity; Play; Population; Population Study; Prevention program; Race; Randomized; Research; Resources; Rewards; Risk; Role; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation; Strigiformes; Testing; Time; Translating; Weight; Work; Youth; base; causal model; circadian; dietary; experimental study; food consumption; high risk; improved; moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; novel; obesity development; obesity in children; obesity prevention; obesity risk; programs; public health intervention; response; sex; sleep quality; success; vulnerable adolescent; wasting; week trial

Project Summary Recent research shows that sleep could play a novel role in preventing obesity and long-term morbidity. Population studies find that too little sleep predicts the development of obesity and experimental studies show that short sleep increases dietary intake without increasing physical activity. Sleep may be a particularly potent intervention target for adolescents. During adolescence, inadequate sleep is very common, obesity rates are rising most, non-sleep-oriented obesity prevention programs have had least success, and young people can develop enduring dietary patterns that set the stage for life-long obesity and health risk. Our lab has shown both the promise of longer sleep for adolescents and a critical knowledge gap. We found that extending adolescents’ sleep via earlier bedtimes impressively reduced caloric intake for early chronotypes (“Morning Larks”; who prefer early bed- and rise times), but not late chronotypes (“Night Owls”; who prefer late bed- and rise times). The effect was not only statistically strong, but at roughly 400 calories difference per day, could add up to major shifts in body weight over time. Beyond calorie counts, there was a similar discrepancy in the glycemic load consumed by Larks and Owls after sleep extension, and glycemic load has been independently linked to long-term morbidity. We assert that the discrepancy in how Larks and Owls responded to longer sleep is due to circadian misalignment: a mismatch between the timing of external sleep-wake demands and internal biological clock. We propose that, for adolescent Owls, an early-to-bed intervention induces misaligned sleep timing that counters the benefits of longer sleep duration. In adults, severe circadian misalignment dramatically increases the risk for obesity, and even modest misalignment is linked to higher caloric intake. If a cause-effect relationship holds in adolescence, common sleep advice emphasizing earlier bedtimes might waste limited resources or even do harm for Owls. In contrast, an approach that considers chronotype might capitalize on the potent effect of improved sleep that we have shown for Larks. Here, we propose a novel experimental study in which 124 healthy 14- 18-year-olds (62 Owls and 62 Larks) complete a 3-week trial involving periods of sleep restriction and sleep extension, in which the extension periods are randomly assigned to be aligned vs. misaligned relative to chronotype. Focusing independently on caloric intake and glycemic load, we will assess the dietary effect of sleep extension when it is well-timed versus poorly-timed relative to adolescents’ internal clocks. We will test a causal model in which sleep timing plays an important role in promoting or negating the benefits of sleep extension. This is pivotal next step for our research program, which has shown the promise of sleep extension to prevent obesity and morbidity, but so far only for early chronotypes (Larks). At the end of this study, we anticipate having the knowledge needed to better harness the power of sleep to prevent obesity and long-term morbidity for at-risk youth, laying the foundation for more effective public health interventions.

项目摘要 最近的研究表明，睡眠可以在预防肥胖和长期发病率方面发挥新作用。 人群研究发现，睡眠预测肥胖和实验研究的发展太少 证明短睡眠会增加饮食摄入量，而不会增加体育锻炼。睡眠可能是 特别是青少年的潜在干预目标。在青少年期间，睡眠不足非常 常见的，肥胖率上升的大多数，非睡眠为导向的肥胖计划的率最少 成功，年轻人可以发展持久的饮食模式，为终身对象和 健康风险。我们的实验室既表现出对青少年睡眠更长的诺言，又显示了批判性知识 差距。我们发现，通过较早的床点延长青少年的睡眠，使热量摄入量降低了 早期的计时型（“晨百灵”；更喜欢早床和上升时间），但不喜欢后期的计时型（“夜晚 猫头鹰”；谁更喜欢晚期和上升时间）。效果不仅在统计上很强，而且大约为400 每天卡路里的差异可能会随着时间的推移加起来体重的重大变化。超越卡路里数， 睡眠延伸后百灵鸟和猫头鹰消耗的血糖负荷也有类似的差异， 血糖负荷已与长期发病率独立联系。我们断言 百灵鸟和猫头鹰对较长睡眠的反应是如何归因于昼夜节律的： 外部睡眠觉醒需求和内部生物时钟的时间。我们建议，对于青春期的猫头鹰， 早期对床的干预措施会导致未对齐的睡眠时间，以抵消长期睡眠的好处 期间。在成年人中，严重的昼夜节律差异显着增加了肥胖的风险，甚至 适度的未对准与更高的热量摄入有关。如果青少年有因果关系的关系， 强调早期时间的常见睡眠建议可能会浪费有限的资源，甚至造成伤害 猫头鹰。相比之下，一种考虑表型的方法可能利用了改进的潜在影响 我们为百灵鸟展示的睡眠。在这里，我们提出了一项新的实验研究，其中124个健康14-- 18岁的孩子（62个猫头鹰和62个百灵鸟）完成了为期3周的试验，涉及睡眠限制和睡眠 扩展期，其中延长周期被随机分配为对齐，相对于未对准 计时型。我们将独立着眼于热量摄入和血糖负荷，我们将评估饮食效果 相对于青少年的内部时钟，睡眠延长与较低的时机相比。我们将 测试一个因果模型，在该因果模型中，睡眠时间在促进或否定的好处中起着重要作用 睡眠延伸。这是我们研究计划的关键下一步，该计划显示了睡眠的希望 延伸以防止肥胖和发病率，但到目前为止，仅用于早期计时型（larks）。最后 研究，我们预计拥有更好地利用睡眠力量以防止肥胖所需的知识 以及对高危青年的长期发病率，为更有效的公共卫生干预奠定了基础。