IGF::OT::IGF SRP QA/QI and GIS activities- Technical Support for Cancer Control and Population Research - Call Order No. HHSN26100001

癌症控制和人口科学部(DCCPS)旨在通过流行病学、行为科学、卫生服务、监测和癌症生存方面的研究，降低癌症的风险、发病率和死亡率，并提高生活质量。 癌症监测提供了对特定人群中癌症及其决定因素的定量描述。癌症监测的核心功能是测量癌症患者的癌症发病率、发病率、存活率和死亡率。它还包括对遗传易感性、环境和行为风险因素、筛查做法以及通过姑息预防的护理质量的评估。癌症监测告诉我们，我们在努力减少癌症负担方面处于什么位置，并产生观察结果，这些观察结果构成了癌症研究和癌症预防和控制干预的基础。这种监测基础设施有利于公众、政策制定者和科学家了解随着时间的推移，美国所有人口部分的癌症发病率和结果的变化。 国家癌症研究所癌症控制和人口科学部的监测研究计划(SRP)在癌症监测科学领域处于全国领先地位，并在收集、分析、解释和传播可靠的基于人口的癌症统计数据方面提供分析工具和方法专业知识。监测研究计划是监测、流行病学和最终结果计划(SEER)的所在地，SEER计划是一个基于人口的癌症登记系统，收集约30%美国人口的癌症诊断、治疗和结果数据，用于公共卫生报告，并提供支持癌症研究的国家基础设施。SEER癌症登记处每年报告45万起事件。 数据由中央癌症登记处从各种设施中收集，包括医院、病理实验室、放射科设施和医生办公室。数据以电子方式或纸质形式获得，或由登记处工作人员收集。所收集的资料包括人口统计资料，包括年龄、性别和种族/民族；诊断资料，包括诊断日期和诊断阶段；癌症的特征，包括地点、组织学/形态、肿瘤大小、级别和第一疗程。SRP制作并传播以下癌症统计数据：发病率、死亡率、患病率和存活率。其他基于地理位置的信息包括：癌症筛查、风险因素、人口统计学和癌症知识。这些数据大多是在县和州这两个地理级别上产生的。SEER计划是美国基于人口的生存数据的唯一来源，并在诊断时按阶段产生癌症生存的统计数据。后续行动数据是通过被动和积极的后续行动获得的，这对生成生存统计数字至关重要。 SEER计划被称为癌症数据的“黄金标准”。SEER中央癌症登记处每年11月提交一份完整的数据文件，其中载有登记处在参与SEER方案期间报告的所有病例的数据。每个SEER登记处都有合同要求的质量标准。每年对数据质量进行检查，以及登记处工作人员的反馈，可能会发现为保持或提高数据质量而需要进行检查的问题。结构化质量控制和质量改进(QC/QI)活动包括但不限于案例发现、记录、可靠性分析、数据质量概况的生成和数据更正。QC/QI研究通常会产生关于特定数据项的最佳来源的建议，以及关于如何对特定数据项进行编码的建议。此外，还在不断努力扩大常规收集的、可用于癌症的数据领域。有关这些活动的更多信息，请访问www.seer.ancer.gov。 除了癌症数据的质量控制和质量改进之外，监测研究计划还为收集、分析和展示与国家癌症研究所和更广泛的癌症控制和研究社区http://seer.cancer.gov/statistics/summaries.html.的癌症控制、监测和流行病学计划相关的基本措施提供了最佳的统计方法这些方法与癌症结果、风险和行为因素、空间和时间因素、遗传因素和医疗保健提供因素有关。 SRP还积极开发地理空间和地理统计方法和工具，用于开发、分析、传播和可视化基于地理的癌症数据、癌症筛查和癌症风险因素。国家癌症概况http://seer.cancer.gov/statistics/scp.html、地理信息系统门户http://seer.cancer.gov/statistics/gis.html和小区域估计http://sae.cancer.gov/分别是国家癌症研究所最全面的地理空间和地质统计资源。这些资源对于癌症控制规划以及基于人群的癌症研究都很重要。 此外，癌症监测计划还支持信息学技术的研究，以优化和加强癌症监测系统http://surveillance.cancer.gov/branches/sib/.的获取、存储、检索、识别、分析、报告和可视化 在可持续发展方案中，为传播癌症统计数据保持极高质量的数据、方法和工具，是通过招聘高素质的登记工作人员和广泛的活动来实现的，这些活动对下文所述的技术要求至关重要。

The Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS) aims to reduce the risk, incidence, and deaths from cancer as well as enhance the quality of life through research in epidemiology, behavioral sciences, health services, surveillance, and cancer survivorship. Cancer surveillance provides a quantitative portrait of cancer and its determinants in a defined population. The core functions of cancer surveillance are the measurement of cancer incidence, morbidity, survival, and mortality for persons with cancer. It also includes the assessment of genetic predisposition, environmental and behavioral risk factors, screening practices, and the quality of care from prevention through palliation. Cancer surveillance tells us where we are in the effort to reduce the cancer burden and also generates the observations that form the basis for cancer research and interventions for cancer prevention and control. This surveillance infrastructure benefits the public, policymakers, and scientists in understanding changes in cancer incidence and outcomes in all segments of the US population over time. Surveillance Research Program (SRP) of the Division of Cancer Control and population Sciences at the National Cancer Institute provides national leadership in the science of cancer surveillance as well as analytical tools and methodological expertise in collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and disseminating reliable population-based cancer statistics. Surveillance Research Program is a home of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program - a system of population-based cancer registries that collects data on diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of cancer in approximately 30 percent of the U.S. population for public health reporting and to provide a national infrastructure to support cancer research. SEER Cancer registries report > 450,000 incident cases annually. Data is collected by central cancer registries from a variety of facilities including hospitals, pathology laboratories, radiology facilities and doctors’ offices. Data is obtained electronically or in paper form or is collected by registry staff. Data collected includes demographic information including age, sex and race/ethnicity; diagnostic information including date of diagnosis and stage at diagnosis; characteristics of the cancer including site, histology/morphology, size of tumor, grade and first course of treatment. SRP produces and disseminates the following cancer statistics: Incidence, Mortality, Prevalence, and Survival rates. Other geographically based information includes: Cancer Screening, Risk Factors, Demographics, and Cancer Knowledge. Most of these data are produced at the County and State levels of geography. The SEER Program is the only source of population based survival data in the US and produces statistics on cancer survival by stage at diagnosis. Follow-up data, crucial for generating survival statistics, is obtained by both passive and active follow-up activities. The SEER Program is known as the “Gold Standard” for cancer data. SEER central cancer registries submit a complete data file every November containing data on all cases reported by the registry during its participation in the SEER Program. There are quality standards that are contractually required for each SEER registry. Examination of data quality on a yearly basis, as well as feedback from registry staff, may reveal issues that require examination in order to maintain or enhance data quality. Structured Quality Control and Quality Improvement (QC/QI) activities include but are not limited to case finding, recoding, reliability analysis, generation of Data Quality Profiles, and data correction. QC/QI studies typically result in recommendations about the best sources of specific data items and recommendations on how to code specific data items. In addition, there are continual efforts to expand the data fields that are routinely collected and are available for cancer. More information about these activities can be found at: www.seer.cancer.gov. In addition to quality control and quality improvement of cancer data, Surveillance Research Program provides optimal statistical methods for the collection, analysis, and presentation of essential measures related to the cancer control, surveillance, and epidemiology programs of the National Cancer Institute and the broader cancer control and research community http://seer.cancer.gov/statistics/summaries.html. These methods are pertinent to cancer outcomes, risk and behavioral factors, spatial and temporal factors, genetic factors, and health care delivery factors. SRP has also been active in the development of geospatial and geo-statistical methods and tools for the development, analysis, dissemination, and visualization of geographically based cancer data, screening, and risk factors for cancer. State Cancer Profiles http://seer.cancer.gov/statistics/scp.html , GIS Portal http://seer.cancer.gov/statistics/gis.html , and Small Area Estimates http://sae.cancer.gov/ are the most comprehensive geo-spatial and geo-statistical resources at NCI respectively. These resources are important for cancer control planning as well as population based cancer research. Furthermore, SRP supports research on informatics technology to optimize and enhance the acquisition, storage, retrieval, de-identification, analyses, reporting, and visualization of cancer surveillance systems http://surveillance.cancer.gov/branches/sib/. In SRP, maintaining extremely high quality data, methods, and tools for dissemination of cancer statistics is accomplished through recruitment of highly qualified registry staff and a broad spectrum of activities that are central to the technical requirements described below.