Neural ensembles underlying natural tracking behavior

自然跟踪行为背后的神经集合

• 批准号: 9012581
• 负责人: Ila R. Fiete
• 金额: $ 107.21万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-30 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9012581
• 关键词: Address; Afferent Neurons; Animals; Area; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Biological Models; Brain; Calcium; Callithrix; Cereals; Cognitive; Communities; Complex; Data; Data Analyses; Electrophysiology (science); Esthesia; Eye Movements; Functional disorder; Genetic; Genomics; Image; Implant; Light; Macaca; Macaca mulatta; Mammals; Measures; Mental Health; Modeling; Motion; Neocortex; Neurons; Neurosciences; Physiological; Population; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Primates; Protocols documentation; Records; Reporter; Research Personnel; Resolution; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Smooth Pursuit; System; Testing; Time; Universities; Visual; area MT; austin; base; cell type; extracellular; extrastriate; extrastriate visual cortex; frontal eye fields; improved; insight; interest; member; neural circuit; neurophysiology; optogenetics; public health relevance; pursuit tracking; relating to nervous system; sensory input; success; two-photon

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The system that controls smooth pursuit eye movements is one of the most accessible, promising systems for understanding how neural circuits transform sensory inputs into actions. Pursuit is a natural, ecologically- relevant behavir that allows primates to track moving objects of interest in the visual world. Now-classical analyses relating neural activity to behavior have already provided insights about the systems-level functions and computations of the pursuit circuit that perhaps exceed our understanding of all other voluntary behaviors in mammals. Despite these successes, there are large gaps in our understanding of the pursuit system. We seek a new level in understanding the circuit by measuring and manipulating the activity of large populations of identified neurons in the key sensory and prefrontal cortical areas. We intend to address how different neuronal types function during pursuit, how they implement systems-level computations within micro- and meso-circuits, and how control centers select the appropriate sensory data given cognitive factors. These questions, although stated in the context of the pursuit system, are instances of the more general problem of how population activity in large numbers of sensory neurons is parsed and converted into appropriate behaviors. The time is now ripe to take advantage of several technical and conceptual revolutions: Specifically, we propose to study the neural basis of pursuit eye movements in marmosets, in which cortical areas responsible for motion sensation and target selection are easily accessed and for which genomic toolboxes are being generated. We will investigate the functional circuitry at multiple scales using a combination of 2-photon calcium imaging and large-scale extracellular array electrophysiology, cell-type identification and optogenetic perturbation, and dynamical systems modeling.

 描述(申请人提供)：控制顺畅追逐眼球运动的系统是最容易获得、最有希望了解神经回路如何将感觉输入转化为动作的系统之一。追逐是一种自然的、与生态相关的行为，它允许灵长类跟踪视觉世界中感兴趣的移动对象。现在，将神经活动与行为联系起来的经典分析已经提供了关于追踪回路的系统级功能和计算的见解，这可能超出了我们对哺乳动物所有其他自愿行为的理解。尽管取得了这些成功，但我们对追捕制度的理解仍存在很大差距。我们通过测量和操纵关键感觉和前额叶皮质区域中大量已识别神经元的活动，寻求了解电路的新水平。我们打算解决不同类型的神经元如何在追踪过程中发挥作用，它们如何在微电路和中电路中实现系统级计算，以及控制中心如何在给定认知因素的情况下选择适当的感觉数据。这些问题虽然是在追踪系统的背景下提出的，但它们是更普遍的问题的例子，即如何分析大量感觉神经元中的群体活动并将其转化为适当的行为。利用几次技术和概念革命的时机现在已经成熟：具体地说，我们建议研究绒猴追踪性眼动的神经基础，在这种情况下，负责运动感觉和目标选择的皮质区域很容易获得，并且正在为其生成基因组工具箱。我们将使用双光子钙成像和大规模细胞外阵列电生理学、细胞类型识别和光发生扰动以及动态系统建模相结合的方法，在多个尺度上研究功能电路。