SUBSTANCE USE AND DISORDERED WEIGHT BEHAVIORS IN SEXUAL MINORITY YOUTH CONTEXTS

性少数青少年背景下的药物使用和体重失调行为

• 批准号: 8997488
• 负责人: Jerel Pasion Calzo
• 金额: $ 8.38万
• 依托单位: BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8997488
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adolescent and Young Adult; Adopted; Adult; Advocacy; Affect; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Ally; Area; Attention; Behavior; Body Image; Boston; Cardiovascular Diseases; Characteristics; Cohort Studies; Communities; Data; Data Analyses; Disease; Drops; Eating Disorders; Ecological momentary assessment; Empirical Research; Event; Exposure to; Feeling; Fostering; Future; Gays; Health; Health behavior; Helping Behavior; Heterosexuals; Injury; Leadership; Lesbian; Lesbian Gay Bisexual; Longitudinal Surveys; Malignant Neoplasms; Marijuana; Mentors; Methods; Minority; Modeling; Obesity; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Pilot Projects; Positioning Attribute; Prevention; Preventive Intervention; Protocols documentation; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Research Infrastructure; Respondent; Risk; Safety; Sampling; Science; Scientist; Self Efficacy; Social Behavior; Social Development; Social support; Socialization; Statistical Methods; Stress; Structure; Students; Substance Use Disorder; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Training; Weight; Youth; base; career; cohort; community based participatory research; community center; contextual factors; early adolescence; experience; forging; health disparity; high school; mental state; negative affect; operation; peer; positive youth development; prospective; protective effect; purge; sexual minority; skills; social; therapy design

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sexual minority youth (SMY; i.e., gay/lesbian, bisexual, or questioning) are more likely to use substances (e.g., tobacco, alcohol, marijuana) and engage in disordered weight behaviors (e.g., purging) than their heterosexual peers. These health disparities emerge in early adolescence and place SMY at disproportionate risk for developing cancer, cardiovascular disease, substance-related injuries and disorders, eating disorders, and obesity. SMY may engage in substance use and disordered weight behaviors to mitigate stress. It is also possible that these behaviors are adopted and maintained because they help to build connections with SMY peers though conformity to perceived sexual minority substance use and body image norms. The operation of these stress and socialization pathways is likely contingent on the diverse social settings SMY traverse and the capacity of settings to provide safety, connectedness, structure, and salubrious health behavior norms. However, there is a dearth of empirical research examining characteristics and activities of settings that promote health in SMY. Although limited research suggests that the presence of formally organized support settings may protect against negative affect and sociality, there is a lack of understanding of how and why such support settings have a protective effect or whether these protective effects will also extend to substance use and disordered weight behaviors. In the planned K01 research I will use prospective longitudinal survey data and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) techniques to investigate characteristics and activities in settings that mitigate minority stress and protect against substance use and disordered weight behaviors among SMY. Data will come from (1) the Growing Up Today Study -- a national cohort of over 16,000 adolescents and young adults -- to assess overall associations between contextual characteristics, stress, and substance use and disordered weight behaviors; and (2) a cohort of 60 SMY recruited from SMY-serving organizations and via respondent-driven sampling techniques in the Boston area to examine the dynamics of the settings SMY traverse and their temporal connections to minority stress, substance use, and disordered weight behaviors. To facilitate such research, I must gain training in community-based participatory research (CBPR) and prevention science, EMA study design and analysis, and diverse longitudinal statistical methods (e.g., finite mixture modeling with intensive longitudinal data) for analyzing the connections between contextual interactions and health behaviors. CBPR with SMY can promote sustainable positive change by generating detailed information about the contextual factors contributing to health disparities, by building the leadership skills and feelings of self-efficacy in SMY, and by bolstering social support infrastructure within SMY-serving organizations. The proposed research will identify modifiable contextual-level leverage points for preventive interventions and position me for a career as a prevention scientist.

描述（由申请人提供）：性少数青少年（SMY；即男同性恋/女同性恋、双性恋或质疑）比异性恋同龄人更有可能使用物质（例如烟草、酒精、大麻）并从事体重失调行为（例如净化）。这些健康差异出现在青春期早期，使 SMY 面临患癌症、心血管疾病、物质相关损伤和疾病、饮食失调和肥胖的不成比例的风险。 SMY 可能会通过药物滥用和体重失调行为来缓解压力。这些行为也有可能被采用和维持，因为它们有助于通过遵守感知到的性少数物质使用和身体形象规范，帮助与 SMY 同龄人建立联系。这些压力和社交途径的运作可能取决于 SMY 所经历的不同社会环境以及这些环境提供安全、联系、结构和有益健康行为规范的能力。然而，缺乏实证研究来检验促进 SMY 健康的环境特征和活动。尽管有限的研究表明，正式组织的支持环境的存在可以防止负面影响和社交，但人们对这种支持环境如何以及为何具有保护作用，或者这些保护作用是否也会扩展到药物使用和体重失调行为缺乏了解。在计划中的 K01 研究中，我将使用前瞻性纵向调查数据和生态瞬时评估 (EMA) 技术来调查 SMY 中减轻少数压力并防止物质使用和体重失调行为的环境中的特征和活动。数据将来自 (1)“今日成长研究”——一项由超过 16,000 名青少年和年轻人组成的全国性队列——旨在评估环境特征、压力、物质使用与体重失调行为之间的总体关联； (2) 从 SMY 服务组织中招募了 60 名 SMY，并通过波士顿地区的受访者驱动抽样技术来研究 SMY 遍历的环境动态及其与少数群体压力、物质使用和体重失调行为的时间联系。为了促进此类研究，我必须接受基于社区的参与性研究 (CBPR) 和预防科学、EMA 研究设计和分析以及各种纵向统计方法（例如，使用密集纵向数据的有限混合建模）的培训，以分析情境互动和健康行为之间的联系。 CBPR 与 SMY 可以通过生成有关造成健康差异的背景因素的详细信息、在 SMY 中培养领导技能和自我效能感以及通过加强 SMY 服务组织内的社会支持基础设施来促进可持续的积极变化。拟议的研究将确定预防性干预措施的可修改的背景水平杠杆点，并使我成为一名预防科学家。