Eating Disorders and Adolescent Body Image Among Boys and Sexual Minorities

男孩和性少数群体的饮食失调和青少年身体形象

• 批准号: 8307049
• 负责人: Jerel Pasion Calzo
• 金额: $ 5.11万
• 依托单位: BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8307049
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adolescent Risk Behavior; Affect; Age; Anabolic steroids; Anorexia; Area; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Bisexual; Body Image; Bulimia; Classification; Clinical; Cognitive; Cohort Studies; Communities; Complex; Data; Data Collection; Development; Developmental Process; Diet; Disclosure; Disease; Distress; Eating Disorders; Epidemic; Female; Feminine; Future; Gays; Gender; Growth; Health; Heterosexuals; Individual; Intervention; Lesbian; Link; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Minority; Minority Groups; Modeling; Muscle; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Obesity; Overweight; Pathway interactions; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Prevalence; Process; Productivity; Psychopathology; Reaction; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Research Training; Risk; Self Concept; Sex Orientation; Shaker potassium channel; Socialization; Societies; Somatotype; Statistical Methods; Subgroup; Surveys; System; Thinness; Training Programs; Underserved Population; Weight; Weight Gain; Woman; Youth; body dissatisfaction; boys; cohort; cost; diet and exercise; dietary restriction; disorder risk; excessive exercise; experience; girls; health disparity; male; men; minority health; named group; physical conditioning; pressure; programs; public health relevance; purge; response; social

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): To date, most research on eating disorders has focused on girls and women. However, with youth overweight and obesity rates reaching epidemic proportions, pressure to be thin and lean has likely contributed to an increased risk for all youth to engage in disordered dieting and exercise behaviors. Such behaviors not only increase the risk for developing eating disorders, but may also contribute to future weight gain and the development of comorbid psychopathology (e.g., depression). Inadequate focus, however, has been devoted to the experiences of men and of sexual minorities (gay/lesbian, bisexual), in spite of emerging evidence that their body image socialization processes may differ from those of heterosexual women, and that gender expression and sexual orientation may impact cognitive and behavioral reactions to negative body image. Such findings necessitate future studies focused on the processes that underlie gender and sexual orientation differences in disturbed dieting and exercise. To address these research imperatives, the program of research will focus on the following aims: (1) Utilize multi-wave longitudinal data on physical development, body image socialization, and dieting and exercise behaviors to elucidate the development of heterosexual and sexual minority boys and girls' body image socialization and disordered dieting and exercise behaviors. Analyses will examine the diversity in pathways to disordered dieting and exercise, and investigate how gender, sexual orientation, and the interactions between the two are linked to such developmental variability. (2) Elucidate factors that contribute to the development of boys' negative body image socialization and disordered dieting and exercise behaviors. In particular, the research will focus on pubertal development, gender expression (i.e., gender conformity), and the development of the muscularity ideal. (3) Identify unique and shared longitudinal predictors of eating disorder risk among the sexual minority subgroups, paying particular attention to gender, gender expression, level of identity disclosure (i.e., outness), identity-related distress, and sexual minority community involvement. Findings will help clarify how sexual orientation serves as both a risk and protective factor for disordered dieting and exercise behaviors. To fulfill these aims the research will utilize national data from the Growing Up Today Study, a nine-wave longitudinal cohort study begun in 1996 of over 16,000 youth who were recruited when they were between the ages of 9-14 and who are now in their mid 20s. A combination of longitudinal statistical methods (e.g., growth mixture modeling) will be used to examine diversity in the development of disordered dieting and exercise. The proposed research will be among the first to examine the confluence of physical development, body image socialization, and the emergence of disordered dieting and exercise among males and females of all sexual orientations. Findings will clarify key mechanisms of health risk and promotion as well as inform interventions. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Eating disorders represent a tremendous cost to society, affecting productivity, physical health, social relationships, and well being. New research regarding gender and sexual orientation differences in the manifestation and prevalence of disturbed dieting and exercise suggest that boys and sexual minorities are understudied and underserved populations. Studying the unique risk and protective factors that create differential risk for boys and sexual minority subgroups has the potential to inform dieting and exercise disorder interventions for all youth.

描述（由申请人提供）：迄今为止，大多数关于饮食失调的研究都集中在女孩和妇女身上。然而，随着青少年超重和肥胖率达到流行病的比例，瘦和瘦的压力可能导致所有青少年参与紊乱的饮食和运动行为的风险增加。这些行为不仅增加了患饮食失调的风险，而且还可能导致未来的体重增加和共病精神病理学的发展（例如，抑郁症）。然而，对男性和性少数群体（男同性恋/女同性恋、双性恋）的经验关注不够，尽管有新的证据表明，他们的身体形象社会化过程可能与异性恋女性不同，性别表达和性取向可能会影响对负面身体形象的认知和行为反应。这样的发现使得未来的研究有必要集中在受干扰的节食和运动中的性别和性取向差异的基础上。针对这些研究需求，本研究计划将集中于以下目的：（1）利用身体发育、身体意象社会化、节食和运动行为的多波纵向数据，阐明异性恋和性少数男女生的身体意象社会化和紊乱的节食和运动行为的发展。分析将检查紊乱的节食和运动途径的多样性，并调查性别，性取向以及两者之间的相互作用如何与这种发育变异性联系在一起。(2)探讨男生负性体像社会化与饮食运动行为失调的成因。特别是，研究将集中在青春期发育，性别表达（即，性一致性），和肌肉发达的理想的发展。(3)确定性少数人群中饮食失调风险的独特和共享的纵向预测因素，特别注意性别，性别表达，身份披露水平（即，外向），身份相关的困扰，和性少数群体的社区参与。研究结果将有助于澄清性取向如何成为饮食和运动行为紊乱的风险和保护因素。为了实现这些目标，该研究将利用“今日成长研究”的国家数据，这是一项始于1996年的九波纵向队列研究，涉及16，000多名9-14岁的年轻人，现在他们已经20多岁了。纵向统计方法的组合（例如，生长混合模型）将被用来检查在发展中的饮食失调和运动的多样性。这项拟议中的研究将是第一个研究身体发育、身体形象社会化以及所有性取向的男性和女性出现的饮食和运动紊乱的汇合点的研究。研究结果将澄清健康风险和促进的关键机制，并为干预措施提供信息。 公共卫生关系：饮食失调给社会带来了巨大的成本，影响生产力，身体健康，社会关系和福祉。关于饮食和运动失调的表现和普遍性方面的性别和性取向差异的新研究表明，男孩和性少数群体是研究不足和服务不足的人群。研究为男孩和性少数群体创造不同风险的独特风险和保护因素，有可能为所有青年提供节食和运动障碍干预措施。