SUBSTANCE USE AND DISORDERED WEIGHT BEHAVIORS IN SEXUAL MINORITY YOUTH CONTEXTS

性少数青少年背景下的药物使用和体重失调行为

• 批准号: 9198535
• 负责人: Jerel Pasion Calzo
• 金额: $ 14.38万
• 依托单位: SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9198535
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adolescent and Young Adult; Adopted; Adult; Advocacy; Affect; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Ally; Area; Attention; Behavior; Bisexual; Body Image; Boston; Cardiovascular Diseases; Characteristics; Cohort Studies; Communities; Competence; Data; Data Analyses; Development; Disease; Drops; Eating Disorders; Ecological momentary assessment; Empirical Research; Event; Exposure to; Feeling; Fostering; Future; Gays; Health; Health behavior; Helping Behavior; Heterosexuals; Injury; Leadership; Lesbian; Longitudinal Surveys; Malignant Neoplasms; Marijuana; Mentors; Methods; Minority; Modeling; Obesity; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Pilot Projects; Positioning Attribute; Prevention; Preventive Intervention; Protocols documentation; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Research Infrastructure; Respondent; Risk; Safety; Sampling; Science; Scientist; Self Efficacy; Social Behavior; Social Development; Social support; Socialization; Statistical Methods; Stigmatization; Stress; Structure; Students; Substance Use Disorder; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Training; Weight; Youth; base; career; cohort; community based participatory research; contextual factors; early adolescence; experience; health disparity; high school; mental state; model development; negative affect; operation; peer; positive youth development; prospective; protective effect; public health relevance; purge; sexual minority; skills; social; social organization; therapy design; volunteer

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sexual minority youth (SMY; i.e., gay/lesbian, bisexual, or questioning) are more likely to use substances (e.g., tobacco, alcohol, marijuana) and engage in disordered weight behaviors (e.g., purging) than their heterosexual peers. These health disparities emerge in early adolescence and place SMY at disproportionate risk for developing cancer, cardiovascular disease, substance-related injuries and disorders, eating disorders, and obesity. SMY may engage in substance use and disordered weight behaviors to mitigate stress. It is also possible that these behaviors are adopted and maintained because they help to build connections with SMY peers though conformity to perceived sexual minority substance use and body image norms. The operation of these stress and socialization pathways is likely contingent on the diverse social settings SMY traverse and the capacity of settings to provide safety, connectedness, structure, and salubrious health behavior norms. However, there is a dearth of empirical research examining characteristics and activities of settings that promote health in SMY. Although limited research suggests that the presence of formally organized support settings may protect against negative affect and sociality, there is a lack of understanding of how and why such support settings have a protective effect or whether these protective effects will also extend to substance use and disordered weight behaviors. In the planned K01 research I will use prospective longitudinal survey data and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) techniques to investigate characteristics and activities in settings that mitigate minority stress and protect against substance use and disordered weight behaviors among SMY. Data will come from (1) the Growing Up Today Study -- a national cohort of over 16,000 adolescents and young adults -- to assess overall associations between contextual characteristics, stress, and substance use and disordered weight behaviors; and (2) a cohort of 60 SMY recruited from SMY-serving organizations and via respondent-driven sampling techniques in the Boston area to examine the dynamics of the settings SMY traverse and their temporal connections to minority stress, substance use, and disordered weight behaviors. To facilitate such research, I must gain training in community-based participatory research (CBPR) and prevention science, EMA study design and analysis, and diverse longitudinal statistical methods (e.g., finite mixture modeling with intensive longitudinal data) for analyzing the connections between contextual interactions and health behaviors. CBPR with SMY can promote sustainable positive change by generating detailed information about the contextual factors contributing to health disparities, by building the leadership skills and feelings of self-efficacy in SMY, and by bolstering social support infrastructure within SMY-serving organizations. The proposed research will identify modifiable contextual-level leverage points for preventive interventions and position me for a career as a prevention scientist.

描述（由申请人提供）：性少数青年（SMY，即男同性恋/女同性恋，双性恋或质疑者）比他们的异性恋同龄人更容易使用物质（如烟草，酒精，大麻）和从事紊乱的体重行为（如净化）。这些健康差异出现在青春期早期，并使SMY患癌症、心血管疾病、物质相关损伤和失调、饮食失调和肥胖的风险过高。SMY可能参与物质使用和体重失调行为来减轻压力。也有可能这些行为被采纳和维持，因为它们有助于通过符合性少数群体物质使用和身体形象规范，与SMY同伴建立联系。这些压力和社会化途径的运作可能取决于SMY所经历的不同社会环境以及提供安全、联系、结构和健康行为规范的环境的能力。然而，缺乏检验促进中小企业健康的环境特点和活动的实证研究。尽管有限的研究表明，正式组织的支持环境的存在可以防止负面影响和社会性，但缺乏对这种支持环境如何以及为什么具有保护作用的理解，或者这些保护作用是否也会扩展到物质使用和体重失调行为。在计划的K01研究中，我将使用前瞻性纵向调查数据和生态瞬间评估（EMA）技术来调查减轻少数族裔压力、防止SMY中物质使用和体重失调行为的环境中的特征和活动。数据将来自(1)“今日成长研究”（Growing Up Today Study）——一项超过16000名青少年和年轻人的全国性队列研究——以评估环境特征、压力、物质使用和体重失调行为之间的总体关联；(2)在波士顿地区，通过受访者驱动的抽样技术，从服务中小微群体的组织中招募60名中小微群体，研究中小微群体所穿越的环境动态及其与少数群体压力、物质使用和体重失调行为的时间联系。为了促进这样的研究，我必须接受社区参与研究（CBPR）和预防科学，EMA研究设计和分析以及各种纵向统计方法（例如，有限混合模型与密集的纵向数据）的培训，以分析情境互动与健康行为之间的联系。通过生成有关导致健康差异的背景因素的详细信息，通过在中小企业中建立领导技能和自我效能感，以及通过在服务中小企业的组织中加强社会支持基础设施，具有中小企业自我效能感的CBPR可以促进可持续的积极变化。拟议的研究将确定可修改的背景水平的杠杆点，预防干预和定位我的职业生涯作为一个预防科学家。