Dynamic regulation of auditory context processing by cortical inhibition

描述（由申请人提供）：gaba能抑制几乎塑造了听觉皮层中每个神经元的反应特性，直接（通过对被检查神经元的突触抑制）或间接（通过抑制与之突触的兴奋性细胞）。这种抑制作用是由大约20%的皮质神经元产生的，这些神经元是gaba能的。这些神经元分为多个类别，具有不同的解剖、化学和生物物理特化，能够复杂而精确地调节皮层功能。关于不同类型的抑制性神经元如何影响声音的皮层处理的完整描述尚未产生，但这需要我们了解每种类型被激活的感觉或行为条件，以及B)我们了解它们的激活如何影响其直接目标和整个网络的信息处理。本研究的目的是测试清醒小鼠的小白蛋白（PV）和生长抑素（SST）神经元，这两种数量最多的皮层抑制神经元，在两个主要问题的背景下，对听觉加工的贡献是否不同：1)它们的作用是否具有选择性

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): GABAergic inhibition shapes the response properties of nearly every neuron in the auditory cortex, either directly (through synaptic inhibition onto th examined neuron) or indirectly (by inhibiting the excitatory cells that synapse onto it). This inhibition is generated by the roughly 20% of cortical neurons that are GABAergic. These neurons fall into multiple classes with distinct anatomical, chemical, and biophysical specializations, enabling intricate and precise modulation of cortical function. A full account of how the different types of inhibitory neurons shape cortical processing of sounds has yet to be generated, but will require A) that we understand the sensory or behavioral conditions in which each type is activated, and B) that we understand how their activation affects information processing in their direct targets and in the network overall. The goal of this proposal is to testin awake mice whether parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) neurons, the two most numerous types of cortical inhibitory neuron, contribute differentially to auditory processing, in the context of two main questions about their function: 1) whether their effect is selective to non primary inputs or is similar across all parts of a neuron's receptive field, and 2) to what extent they mediate the effects of acoustic context on neural responses.